{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:45:12Z","timestamp":1787741112413,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regional University Hospital of Nancy"},{"name":"Clinical Investigation Centre \u2013 Innovative Technology of Nancy"},{"name":"French Eastern Interregional Group of Clinical Research and Innovation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Psychogenic non epileptic seizures (PNES) are a frequent, disabling and costly disorder for which there is no consensual caring. They are considered as a dissociative disorder and they share many common characteristics with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Nevertheless, their pathophysiology is still unclear. In this study, we plan to obtain new data comparing functional brain activity of participants suffering from PNES, from PTSD and healthy controls via functional brain MRI during resting state and under emotional visual stimulation. The protocol presented hereunder describes an observational study with no direct treatment implication. Nevertheless, it could lead to a better understanding of PNES and to identifying targets for specialised cares of post-traumatic or dissociative disorders, like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods &amp; analysis<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This is a prospective, single-centre, interventional, non-randomized, open, controlled and exploratory clinical study. It will involve 75 adult French, right-handed women in 3 groups, either suffering from PNES or PTSD, or healthy controls. An informed consent will be signed by each participant. All of them will be given psychiatric tests to assess dissociation and alexithymia, psychopathological profile and history, and emotional recognition. Each participant will undergo a functional brain MRI. We will record anatomical images and five functional imaging sequences including emotional periodic oscillatory stimulation, standard emotional stimulation, Go \/ No Go task under emotional stimulation, and resting state. Analysis will include a descriptive analysis of all participants and the treatment for functional magnetic resonance imaging images of each sequence.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Registration, ethics &amp; dissemination<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study was approved the regional Protection of Persons Committee under the reference 16.10.01 and by the French National Medical Security Agency under the reference 2016-A01295-46. The protocol and results will be published in peer-reviewed academic medical journals and disseminated to research teams, databases, specialised media and concerned patients\u2019 organisations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T18:28:26Z","timestamp":1641580106000},"page":"e0262216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Functional MRI-based study of emotional experience in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: Protocol for an observational case-control study\u2013EMOCRISES study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7483-7215","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pierre","family":"Fauv\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Tyvaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Husson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Hologne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Maillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymund","family":"Schwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Banasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wissam","family":"El\u2013Hage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1178-9097","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Hossu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coraline","family":"Hingray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0262216.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13952","article-title":"Access to diagnostic and therapeutic facilities for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: An international survey by the ILAE PNES Task Force","volume":"59","author":"C Hingray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0262216.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.235424","article-title":"Clinical classification of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures based on video-EEG analysis and automatic clustering","volume":"82","author":"C Hubsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0262216.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12356","article-title":"Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a staged approach: a report from the International League Against Epilepsy Nonepileptic Seizures Task Force","volume":"54","author":"WC LaFrance","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0262216.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.06.031","article-title":"Recognition of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures diminishes acute care utilization","volume":"22","author":"JD Jirsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"key":"pone.0262216.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.06.003","article-title":"Towards an integrative theory of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES)","volume":"47","author":"RJ Brown","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0262216.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq068","article-title":"The symptom of functional weakness: a controlled study of 107 patients","volume":"133","author":"J Stone","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0262216.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2010.10.022","article-title":"Newly presenting psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Incidence, population characteristics, and early outcome from a prospective audit of a first seizure clinic","volume":"20","author":"R Duncan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"key":"pone.0262216.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-5050(03)00104-5","article-title":"Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Review and update","volume":"4","author":"Comments on Reuber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0262216.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2007.11.006","article-title":"Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Answers and questions","volume":"12","author":"M. Reuber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"key":"pone.0262216.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.04.023","article-title":"A cross-sectional survey on French psychiatrists\u2019 knowledge and perceptions of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"60","author":"Y Aatti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0262216.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.3.493","article-title":"Diagnostic delay in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures","volume":"58","author":"M Reuber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0262216.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(05)80007-X","article-title":"Improved health care resource utilization following video-EEG-confirmed diagnosis of nonepileptic psychogenic seizures","volume":"7","author":"RC Martin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0262216.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.48.3.230","article-title":"Non-epileptic seizures and other functional neurological symptoms: predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors","volume":"48","author":"M Reuber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"pone.0262216.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2015.12.011","article-title":"Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES)","volume":"172","author":"C Hingray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0262216.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2011.08.015","article-title":"Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Characterization of two distinct patient profiles on the basis of trauma history","volume":"22","author":"C Hingray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epilepsy & Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0262216.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2009.11.012","article-title":"Characteristics of psychogenic nonepileptic events among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: an association of semiology with the nature of trauma","volume":"17","author":"DK Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0262216.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2005.06.006","article-title":"Does alexithymia differentiate between patients with nonepileptic seizures, patients with epilepsy, and nonpatient controls?","volume":"7","author":"J Bewley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"pone.0262216.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2014.02.016","article-title":"Anxiety and avoidance in psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: the role of implicit and explicit anxiety","volume":"33","author":"LV Dimaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0262216.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2011.06.006","article-title":"Automatic avoidance tendencies in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures","volume":"20","author":"P Bakvis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"key":"pone.0262216.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.07.025","article-title":"Neuroimaging studies in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: A systematic meta-review","volume":"16","author":"M Mcsweeney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0262216.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2014.05.006","article-title":"Abnormal functional connectivity density in psychogenic non-epileptic seizures","volume":"108","author":"J Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsy Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0262216.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059414555905","article-title":"An Integrative Neurocircuit Perspective on Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures and Functional Movement Disorders: Neural Functional Unawareness","volume":"46","author":"DL Perez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0262216.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-300776","article-title":"Functional connectivity of dissociation in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures","volume":"83","author":"SJM van der Kruijs","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0262216.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.03.010","article-title":"Resting-state networks and dissociation in psychogenic non-epileptic seizures","volume":"54","author":"SJM van der Kruijs","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"key":"pone.0262216.ref025","first-page":"116","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Nonepileptic Seizures","volume":"22","author":"DK Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"key":"pone.0262216.ref026","first-page":"619","volume-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology","author":"TRJ Nicholson","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0262216.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2017.11.003","article-title":"Motor functional neurological disorders: An update","volume":"174","author":"B. Garcin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Revue Neurologique"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0262216.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.01.019","article-title":"Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures treated with guided transcranial direct current stimulation: A case report","volume":"12","author":"A Leroy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Stimulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0262216.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0270(02)00121-8","article-title":"Estimating sample size in functional MRI (fMRI) neuroimaging studies: Statistical power analyses","volume":"118","author":"JE Desmond","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"key":"pone.0262216.ref030","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences","author":"MM Bradley","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0262216.ref031","volume-title":"International affective picture system (IAPS): Technical manual and affective ratings","author":"PJ Lang","year":"1999"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0262216.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-013-0379-1","article-title":"The Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS): Introduction to a novel, standardized, wide-range, high-quality, realistic picture database","volume":"46","author":"A Marchewka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Behav Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0262216.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(03)00064-5","article-title":"Are there physical risk factors for psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in patients with epilepsy?","volume":"12","author":"M Reuber","year":"2003","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"18","key":"pone.0262216.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3969","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199712220-00024","article-title":"Neural activation during selective attention to subjective emotional responses","volume":"8","author":"RD Lane","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0262216.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200001170-00009","article-title":"Modulating emotional responses: effects of a neocortical network on the limbic system","volume":"11","author":"AR Hariri","year":"2000","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0262216.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-011-0064-1","article-title":"The Geneva affective picture database (GAPED): a new 730-picture database focusing on valence and normative significance","volume":"43","author":"ES Dan-Glauser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0262216.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.48.4.384","article-title":"Facial expression and emotion","volume":"48","author":"P. Ekman","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"pone.0262216.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2016.10.019","article-title":"The PhysIO Toolbox for Modeling Physiological Noise in fMRI Data","volume":"276","author":"L Kasper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0262216.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020402","article-title":"Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: A general linear approach","volume":"2","author":"KJ Friston","year":"1994","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0262216.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2012.0073","article-title":"Conn: A Functional Connectivity Toolbox for Correlated and Anticorrelated Brain Networks","volume":"2","author":"S Whitfield-Gabrieli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Connectivity"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0262216.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-018-1630-4","article-title":"Fast periodic stimulation (FPS): a highly effective approach in fMRI brain mapping","volume":"223","author":"X Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0262216.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1167\/15.1.18","article-title":"Fast periodic presentation of natural images reveals a robust face-selective electrophysiological response in the human brain","volume":"15","author":"B Rossion","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"28","key":"pone.0262216.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4088","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1522033113","article-title":"A face-selective ventral occipito-temporal map of the human brain with intracerebral potentials","volume":"113","author":"J Jonas","year":"2016","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0262216.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020405","article-title":"Brain activation associated with visual motion studied by functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans","volume":"2","author":"G McCarthy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"pone.0262216.ref045","unstructured":"Bradley MM, Lang PJ. The Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention [Internet]. [cited 2021 Dec 29]. Available from: https:\/\/csea.phhp.ufl.edu\/media\/iapsmessage.html."}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0262216","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T18:29:24Z","timestamp":1641580164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0262216"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"George","family":"Vousden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0262216","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]}}}