{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T13:32:49Z","timestamp":1783344769673,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RGPIN-2015-04 42 6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2015-04 42 6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canadian Lyme disease Foundation","award":["2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Borrelia miyamotoi<\/jats:italic> are tick-vectored zoonotic pathogens maintained in wildlife species. Tick populations are establishing in new areas globally in response to climate change and other factors. New Brunswick is a Canadian maritime province at the advancing front of tick population establishment and has seen increasing numbers of ticks carrying <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>, and more recently <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>miyamotoi<\/jats:italic>. Further, it is part of a region of Atlantic Canada with wildlife species composition differing from much of continental North America and little information exists as to the presence and frequency of infection of <jats:italic>Borrelia spp<\/jats:italic>. in wildlife in this region. We used a citizen science approach to collect a wide range of animals including migratory birds, medium-sized mammals, and small mammals. In total we tested 339 animals representing 20 species for the presence of <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>miyamotoi<\/jats:italic>. We have developed new nested PCR primers and a protocol with excellent specificity for detecting both of these <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> species, both single and double infections, in tissues and organs of various wildlife species. The positive animals were primarily small non-migratory mammals, approximately twice as many were infected with <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> than <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>miyamotoi<\/jats:italic> and one animal was found infected with both. In addition to established reservoir species, the jumping mouse (<jats:italic>Napaeozapus insignis<\/jats:italic>) was found frequently infected; this species had the highest infection prevalence for both <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>miyamotoi<\/jats:italic> and has not previously been identified as an important carrier for either <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic> species. Comprehensive testing of tissues found that all instances of <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> infection were limited to one tissue within the host, whereas two of the five <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>miyamotoi<\/jats:italic> infections were diffuse and found in multiple systems. In the one coinfected specimen, two fetuses were also recovered and found infected with <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>miyamotoi<\/jats:italic>. This presumptive transplacental transmission suggests that vertical transmission in mammals is possible. This finding implies that <jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>miyamotoi<\/jats:italic> could rapidly spread into wildlife populations, as well as having potential human health implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T18:53:11Z","timestamp":1642791191000},"page":"e0262229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia miyamotoi in Atlantic Canadian wildlife"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9418-3009","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Zinck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1191-2585","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vett 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