{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T02:53:50Z","timestamp":1776308030454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"narodowe centrum nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/23\/B\/NZ8\/00748"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/23\/B\/NZ8\/00748"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007088","name":"uniwersytet jagiello\u0144ski w krakowie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K\/ZDS\/005405"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K\/ZDS\/005405"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007088","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The lumbricid earthworms <jats:italic>Eisenia andrei<\/jats:italic> (Ea) and <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>fetida<\/jats:italic> (Ef) have been used as model organisms for studies on hybridization. Previously they have been identified by species specific sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene of maternal origin (\u2018a\u2019 or \u2018f\u2019) and the nuclear 28S gene of maternal\/paternal origin (\u2018A\u2019 or \u2018F\u2019). In experimental crosses, these hermaphroditic species produce progeny of genotypes Ea (aAA), Ef (fFF) and hybrids (aAF and fFA) originating by self-fertilization or cross-fertilization. To facilitate studies on new aspects of the breeding biology and hybridization of earthworms, polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed based on 12 Ea and 12 Ef specimens and validated on DNA samples extracted from 24 genotyped specimens (aAA, fFF, aAF and fFA) from three laboratory-raised families and 10 of them were applied in the present study. The results indicate that microsatellite markers are valuable tools for tracking interspecific gene flow between these species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T18:39:41Z","timestamp":1645209581000},"page":"e0262493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Polymorphic microsatellite markers demonstrate hybridization and interspecific gene flow between lumbricid earthworm species, Eisenia andrei and E. fetida"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7611-7617","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marta","family":"Jaskulak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Rorat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Vandenbulcke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Pauwels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Grzmil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3869-500X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Barbara","family":"Plytycz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0262493.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146884","article-title":"Effect thresholds for the earthworm Eisenia fetida: Toxicity comparison between conventional and biodegradable microplastics","volume":"781","author":"W Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"pone.0262493.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.137920","article-title":"Genetic analysis in earthworm population from area contaminated with radionuclides and heavy metals","volume":"723","author":"AV Rybak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"pone.0262493.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-76768-0_27","volume-title":"Advances in Comparative Immunology","author":"R Roubalov\u00e1","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0262493.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0214757","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214757","article-title":"Identification of new fluorophores in coelomic fluid of Eisenia andrei earthworms","volume":"14","author":"J Kruk","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0262493.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/0742-8413(84)90083-5","article-title":"Esterases of earthworms\u2013III. 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