{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:34:02Z","timestamp":1789580042104,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR003017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR003017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Black and Latinx individuals, and in particular women, comprise an essential health care workforce often serving in support roles such as nursing assistants and dietary service staff. Compared to physicians and nurses, they are underpaid and potentially undervalued, yet play a critical role in health systems. This study examined the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic from the perspective of Black and Latinx health care workers in support roles (referred to here as HCWs). From December 2020 to February 2021, we conducted 2 group interviews (n = 9, 1 group in English and 1 group in Spanish language) and 8 individual interviews (1 in Spanish and 7 in English) with HCWs. Participants were members of a high-risk workforce as well as of communities that suffered disproportionately during the pandemic. Overall, they described disruptive changes in responsibilities and roles at work. These disruptions were intensified by the constant fear of contracting COVID-19 themselves and infecting their family members. HCWs with direct patient care responsibilities reported reduced opportunities for personal connection with patients. Perspectives on vaccines reportedly changed over time, and were influenced by peers\u2019 vaccination and information from trusted sources. The pandemic has exposed the stress endured by an essential workforce that plays a critical role in healthcare. As such, healthcare systems need to dedicate resources to improve the work conditions for this marginalized workforce including offering resources that support resilience. Overall working conditions and, wages must be largely improved to ensure their wellbeing and retain them in their roles to manage the next public health emergency. The role of HCWs serving as ambassadors to provide accurate information on COVID-19 and vaccination among their coworkers and communities also warrants further study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T19:13:54Z","timestamp":1642533234000},"page":"e0262606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Experiences of Black and Latinx health care workers in support roles during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0718-1807","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zorimar","family":"Rivera-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0497-1480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manuel E.","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin F.","family":"Crabtree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8808-7029","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria B.","family":"Pellerano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donita","family":"Devance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4891-9871","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Myneka","family":"Macenat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsha","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"Rosati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne M.","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily S.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin J.","family":"Blaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reynold A.","family":"Panettieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7026-0743","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shawna V.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0262606.ref001","article-title":"Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in previously undiagnosed health care workers at the onset of the U.S. COVID-19 epidemic","author":"ES Barrett","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0262606.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e475","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30164-X","article-title":"Risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community: a prospective cohort study","volume":"5","author":"LH Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0262606.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/2048872620922795","article-title":"Mental health care for medical staff and affiliated healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"9","author":"M Walton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care"},{"issue":"43","key":"pone.0262606.ref004","article-title":"COVID-19\u2013Associated Hospitalizations Among Health Care Personnel\u2014COVID-NET, 13 States, March 1\u2013May 31, 2020","volume":"69","author":"A Kambhampati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekley Report"},{"key":"pone.0262606.ref005","unstructured":"NIOSH. 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