{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:00:36Z","timestamp":1791475236749,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research and Development Program of China","award":["2016YFD0201115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFD0201115"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31972359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"agricultural research and industrialization projects of liaoning province","award":["2020JH2\/10200028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020JH2\/10200028"]}]},{"name":"china agriculture research system of mof and mara","award":["CARS-27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-27"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The interaction between plant, soil and microorganism plays a crucial role in sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem function and diversity. However, little information is known about how plant growth, soil organic carbon (C) fractions and microorganism respond to exogenous C addition in soils with low organic C content. Three levels of\n                    <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>\n                    C-glucose (equal to 0, 100% and 500% of initial microbial biomass C) were added to non-sterilized (corresponding to treatment abbreviation of CK, Glu-1, Glu-2, respectively) and sterilized soils (corresponding to treatment abbreviation of SS, SS+Glu-1, SS+Glu-2, respectively) planted with apple rootstock (\n                    <jats:italic>Malus baccata<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L.) Borkh.) seedings. The objectives of this study were to analyse the dynamics of soil organic C (SOC) fractions and soil bacterial community diversity with glucose levels and soil sterilization, and to explore the morphology of roots and nitrogen (N) metabolism by plant after glucose addition to sterilized\/non-sterilized soils. Results showed that the contents of labile organic C fractions were significantly varied (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05) with the levels of glucose addition and soil sterilization. SS+Glu-2 and Glu-2 treatments increased the contents of labile organic C fractions, on average, by 48.47% and 35.33% compared with no glucose addition, respectively. About 21.42% and 16.17% of glucose-C remained in sterilized and non-sterilized soils, respectively at the end of experiment (day 45). Regardless of soil sterilized or not, the glucose addition increased the richness and diversity indices of soil bacterial community compared with no-glucose addition. The glucose addition optimized root zone conditions, and enhanced root vitality, morphology and biomass. Both SS+Glu-2 and Glu-2 treatments significantly enhanced (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05) the contents of nitrate (NO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2014<\/jats:sup>\n                    N) and nitrite (NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2014<\/jats:sup>\n                    N), but sharply decreased (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05) the ammonium (NH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -N) content compared with no glucose addition. Also, these two treatments significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.05) increased the enzymic activities and gene transcript levels involved in root N metabolism, which demonstrated that the high level of glucose addition promoted N assimilation and transformation into free amino acids by root. Overall, the addition of exogenous C to not only promotes its fixation and bacterial community diversity in C-poor soils, but also improves root morphology and N absorption by plant.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T13:34:27Z","timestamp":1642599267000},"page":"e0262691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Glucose addition promotes C fixation and bacteria diversity in C-poor soils, improves root morphology, and enhances key N metabolism in apple roots"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Bianbin","family":"Qi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3487-9175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sijun","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deguo","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1463","key":"pone.0262691.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1743","article-title":"Climate change impacts on crop yield and quality with CO2 fertilization in China","volume":"360","author":"E Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0262691.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/07352680902776507","article-title":"Crop residue removal impacts on soil productivity and environmental quality","volume":"28","author":"H Blanco-Canqui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Rev Plant Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0262691.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2009.09.009","article-title":"Effects of 11 years of conservation tillage on soil organic matter fractions in wheat monoculture in Loess Plateau of China","volume":"106","author":"HQ Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"pone.0262691.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2004.04.008","article-title":"Organic carbon and its fractions in paddy soil as affected by different nutrient and water regimes.","volume":"124","author":"CM Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"pone.0262691.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-013-0225-0","article-title":"Agricultural management and labile carbon additions affect soil microbial community structure and interact with carbon and nitrogen cycling","volume":"66","author":"ST Berthrong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb Ecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0262691.ref006","first-page":"45","article-title":"Effects of chemical fertilizer combined with organic manure on Fuji apple quality, yield and soil fertility in apple orchard on the Loess Plateau of China","volume":"7","author":"ZP Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Agric Biol Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0262691.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(15)30034-5","article-title":"Sensitivity of labile soil organic carbon pools to long-term fertilizer, straw and manure management in rice-wheat system","volume":"25","author":"DK Benbi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"pone.0262691.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2017.02.001","article-title":"Effects of maize stover and its biochar on soil CO2 emissions and labile organic carbon fractions in Northeast China","volume":"240","author":"X Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agric. 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