{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:01:38Z","timestamp":1787022098677,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pectus excavatum (PE) is one of the most frequently reported chest deformities. However, limited studies are available with regard to its CT scan findings in cats. In the present research computed tomographic images of the thoraxes of 14 cats diagnosed with PE has been reviewed. This is one of the first studies exploring the use of CT to characterise PE in animals. The aim of this study was to present characteristic CT features of PE in cats. The introduction of new criteria for better assessing thoracic wall deformity\u2013a correction index (CI) and an asymmetry index (AI)\u2013was also proposed. The study revealed a high variety of morphological features of PE in cats. It was demonstrated that among the 14 cats: cranial PE (an atypical location) occurred in seven cats while seven cats had typical (caudal) PE, long PE occurred in five cats, while short PE had nine cats. Of the 14 cats included in the study eight showed symmetric PE, and asymmetric PE was found insix. Thoracic asymmetry was found in six cats. Six cats had sternal torsion. Based on the Vertebral Index moderate or severe PE was revealed in 11 animals. In the group of cats studied the CI ranged from 12.20 to 32.11. The magnitude of AI did not exceed 10% in any of the cats studied. The study confirmed statistically significant differences in the CI values between groups of cats with different degrees of PE severity (p = 0.02). CT examination showed many PE features that have not been discussed so far. The main benefit of CT examination is its ability to reveal asymmetric PE, thoracic asymmetry and sternal torsion. CI and AI provided a clinically useful tool to quantify thoracic wall deformity in order to obtain comparable results between cats with PE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T14:10:02Z","timestamp":1642774202000},"page":"e0262866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Computed tomographic evaluation of pectus excavatum in 14 cats"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6198-5825","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Renata","family":"Komsta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"\u0141ojszczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"D\u0119biak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Twardowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Lisiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0262866.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.22233\/9781910443088.14","volume-title":"BSAVA Canine and Feline Thoracic Imaging","author":"F Llabres-Diaz","year":"2008"},{"key":"pone.0262866.ref002","first-page":"867","volume-title":"Small Animal Surgery","author":"TW Fossum","year":"2007","edition":"3"},{"key":"pone.0262866.ref003","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Thoracic radiography: a text atlas of thoracic diseases of the dog and cat","author":"PF Suter","year":"1984"},{"key":"pone.0262866.ref004","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Small Animal Surgical Emergencies","author":"KN Adamovich-Rippe","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0262866.ref005","first-page":"596","article-title":"Pectus excavatum in eight dogs and six cats.","volume":"25","author":"TW Fossum","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAAHA"},{"key":"pone.0262866.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15591234","article-title":"Pectus excavatum: computed tomography and medium-term surgical outcome in a prospective cohort of 10 kittens.","volume":"18","author":"TM Charlesworth","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"pone.0262866.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.17221\/285\/2015-VETMED","article-title":"Pectus excavatum in a cat: a case report","volume":"61","author":"R Yaygingul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet Med (Praha)."},{"key":"pone.0262866.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2005.tb00332.x","article-title":"Pectus excavatum surgically repaired using sternum realignment and splint techniques in a young cat.","volume":"46","author":"MH Crigel","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"pone.0262866.ref009","first-page":"699","article-title":"Surgical treatment results of young and adult cats with pectus excavatum.","volume":"23","author":"K \u00d6zer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg"},{"key":"pone.0262866.ref010","first-page":"91","article-title":"Surgical correction of pectus excavatum, using external splintage in two dogs and a cat.","volume":"195","author":"TW Fossum","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAVMA"},{"key":"pone.0262866.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.228.7.1047","article-title":"Use of internal splinting to realign a noncompliant sternum in a cat with pectus excavatum.","volume":"228","author":"M Risselada","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAVMA"},{"key":"pone.0262866.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1136\/inp.j87","article-title":"Pectus excavatum: congenital thoracic deformity in cats.","volume":"39","author":"TM Charlesworth","year":"2017","journal-title":"In Pract"},{"key":"pone.0262866.ref013","first-page":"279","article-title":"Case report. 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