{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T07:29:52Z","timestamp":1792049392317,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Carbapenems are the last resort antimicrobials for the treatment of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Enterobacteriaceae. Emergence of carbapenems resistant group B2 uropathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (UPEC) is a major concern because of their high virulence. Prevalence of these enzymes and multidrug resistance (MDR) among B2 UPEC isolates from Iraqi outpatients with acute urinary tract infection (UTI) was evaluated in this research. Urine cultures were performed and the isolates were identified biochemically.\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were tested for phylogroup reference by quadraplex PCR, then B2 isolates were detected for antimicrobial resistance by disc diffusion test and carbapenemase genes by PCR.\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most prevalent among Gram-negative isolates (66.6%) and B2 was the most detected phylogroup among\n                    <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates (33.9%). Most of B2 isolates showed high resistance rates to tested antimicrobials, especially \u03b2-lactams with MDR revealed in 100% of them. Whereas, low resistance rates were noted against carbapenems, aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin. Carbapenemase genes were detected in 76.3% of B2 isolates. Of which,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48<\/jats:sub>\n                    was the most frequent (57.8%), followed by\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>PER<\/jats:sub>\n                    (47.3%),\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>KPC<\/jats:sub>\n                    (15.7%),\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>VEB<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>VIM<\/jats:sub>\n                    (10.5%, for each). Whereas,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>GES<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>IMP<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes were not found. Coproduction of these genes occurred among 17 isolates. The combination of\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-48<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>PER<\/jats:sub>\n                    was the most frequent (41.1%). All carbapenemase producing isolates were MDR. These results revealed high prevalence of carbapenemase genes and MDR among B2 UPEC recovered in this study. In the study area. it is strongly advised to use aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin for empirical treatment of UPEC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T13:36:01Z","timestamp":1643117761000},"page":"e0262984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Prevalence of common carbapenemase genes and multidrug resistance among uropathogenic Escherichia coli phylogroup B2 isolates from outpatients in Wasit Province\/ Iraq"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5380-502X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sareaa Maseer","family":"Gatya Al-Mayahie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhifar Raa\u2019d Taher","family":"Al-Guranie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya Aziz","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaineb Ali","family":"Bachai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0262984.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-91992006000300002","article-title":"The versatile strategies of Escherichia coli pathotypes: A mini review","volume":"12","author":"CP Sousa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pone.0262984.ref002","volume-title":"Jawetz, Melnick & Adelberg\u2019s Medical Microbiology","author":"KC Carroll","year":"2016","edition":"27"},{"key":"pone.0262984.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06435-7","article-title":"Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"GK Bunduki","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0262984.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10020112","article-title":"Special Issue: Pathogenic Escherichia coli: Infections and Therapies","volume":"10","author":"M. 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