{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:09:15Z","timestamp":1790809755669,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para la Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica del Hospital Clinico San Carlos","award":["ECL.NEONAT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECL.NEONAT"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Few studies on the consequences following newborn hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) assess the risk of mood disorders (MD), although these are prevalent after ischemic brain injury in adults.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To study the presence of MD in children survivors of NHIE.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>14 children survivors of NHIE treated with hypothermia and without cerebral palsy and 15 healthy children without perinatal complications were studied aged three to six years for developmental status (Ages and Stages Questionnaire 3 [ASQ-3]) and for socio-emotional status (Preschool Symptom Self-Report [PRESS] and Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL] 1.5\u20135 tests). Maternal depression was assessed using Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Socio-economic factors such as parental educational level or monthly income were also studied.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>NHIE children did not present delay but scored worse than healthy children for all ASQ3 items. NHIE children showed higher scores than healthy children for PRESS as well as for anxious\/depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior items of CBCL. In addition, in three NHIE children the CBCL anxious\/depressive symptoms item score exceeded the cutoff value for frank pathology (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04 vs healthy children). There were no differences in the other CBCL items as well as in maternal MADRS or parental educational level or monthly income. Neither ASQ3 scores nor MADRS score or socio-economic factors correlated with PRESS or CBCL scores.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this exploratory study children survivors of NHIE showed increased risk of developing mood disturbances, in accordance with that reported for adults after brain ischemic insults. Considering the potential consequences, such a possibility warrants further research.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T18:30:06Z","timestamp":1643394606000},"page":"e0263055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Mood disorders in children following neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Cuellar-Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purificaci\u00f3n","family":"Sierra-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4405-3545","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Orgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0263055.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2016.09.007","article-title":"Outcomes in childhood following therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)","volume":"40","author":"G Natarajan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Perinatol"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref002","first-page":"20","volume-title":"Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics","author":"M Schreglmann","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2017.04.001","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of post-stroke mood disorders: A meta-analysis and meta-regression of depression, anxiety and adjustment disorder","volume":"47","author":"AJ Mitchell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref004","article-title":"Diversiform etiologies for poststroke depression","author":"Z Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry. Frontiers Media S.A."},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2012.01555.x","article-title":"Post-stroke depression: Mechanisms, translation and therapy","volume":"16","author":"I Loubinoux","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1080\/14616730050085590","article-title":"Next steps in emotional availability research","volume":"2","author":"RN Emde","year":"2000","journal-title":"Attach Hum Dev"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2006.01618.x","article-title":"Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: Presentation, nosology, and epidemiology","author":"HL Egger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57196-6_7","volume-title":"Handbook of DSM-5 disorders in children and adolescents","author":"A Powell","year":"2017"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2015.11.019","article-title":"Screening for psychopathology in a national cohort of 8- to 15-year-old children with cerebral palsy","volume":"49\u201350","author":"G Rackauskaite","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref010","first-page":"230","article-title":"Disturbances of attachment in young children adopted from institutions","volume":"21","author":"CH Zeanah","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-017-3028-3","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental outcome in survivors of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy without cerebral palsy","volume":"177","author":"BC Hayes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2020.04.003","article-title":"Minor neurological signs and behavioural function at age 2 years in neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE)","volume":"27","author":"CJ Edmonds","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1976.00500100030012","article-title":"Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress. A clinical and electroencephalographic study","volume":"33","author":"HB Sarnat","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref014","volume-title":"The ASQ user\u2019s guide","author":"J Squires","year":"2009"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref015","volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles","author":"TL Achenbach","year":"2001"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199007000-00013","article-title":"A Symptom Self-Report Measure for Preschool Children","volume":"29","author":"DR Martini","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7753(02)72429-9","article-title":"Validation of the Spanish versions of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scales","volume":"118","author":"A Lobo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2018.02.007","article-title":"Mild hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy and long term neurodevelopmental outcome\u2014A systematic review","volume":"120","author":"JM Conway","year":"2018","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-015-0694-4","article-title":"The discriminative capacity of CBCL\/1\u00bd-5-DSM5 scales to identify disruptive and internalizing disorders in preschool children","volume":"25","author":"N de la Osa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1177\/0033294119844980","article-title":"Cluster Analysis of the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5\u20135 for Preschool Children Diagnosed With a Mental Disorder","volume":"123","author":"JY Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref021","first-page":"9","article-title":"Exploring mental health status and syndrome patterns among young refugee children in Germany","author":"T Buchm\u00fcller","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988718778791","article-title":"Evaluating Screening Tests for Depression in Post-Stroke Older Adults","volume":"31","author":"EY Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol."},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-200207000-00014","article-title":"Predictors of 30-month outcome after perinatal depression: Role of proton MRS and socioeconomic factors","volume":"52","author":"SP Miller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.04.002","article-title":"Maternal depression and personality traits in association with child neuropsychological and behavioral development in preschool years: Mother-child cohort (Rhea Study) in Crete, Greece","volume":"217","author":"K Koutra","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200525","article-title":"Cognitive ability, education and socioeconomic status in childhood and risk of post-stroke depression in later life: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"E V. Backhouse","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref026","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Pharmacology and Therapeutics","author":"RF Villa","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0263055.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70016-3","article-title":"Treatment advances in neonatal neuroprotection and neurointensive care","volume":"10","author":"M V. Johnston","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0263055","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]],"date-time":"2022-01-28T18:30:30Z","timestamp":1643394630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0263055"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Thalia","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0263055","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,28]]}}}