{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:01:38Z","timestamp":1787022098158,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children from low-resource settings are more likely to encounter those factors that adversely influence their ability to acquire developmental potential. This study was conducted to assess the developmental status and its associated factors among children under five years of slum areas of Butwal Sub Metropolitan City, Rupandehi, Nepal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods and findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a community-based cross-sectional descriptive study using Developmental Milestone Chart (DMC) among 165 children under five years. Ethical approval was obtained from Ethical Review Board of Nepal Health Research Council. R software was used for data analysis. The association between developmental status and associated factors were examined with Chi-square and followed by logistic regression. Notably, more than half of the children (56.4%) had delayed development across two or more domains of gross motor, fine motor, language\/ speech, and social development. Age, sex, socio-economic status, availability of learning materials, the occurrence of infectious diseases, and height-for-age of children were found to be significantly associated with the developmental status of children under study (p&lt;0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>More than half of the children taken under the study had delayed development on different four domains. Findings from the study suggest that there should be similar studies conducted among children living in slum-like conditions. Additionally, programs should be designed as such which aims to mitigate the effect of socio-economic status on child development and has learning and nutritional aspects embedded central to its deliverance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T13:40:47Z","timestamp":1644500447000},"page":"e0263105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Developmental delay and its associated factors among children under five years in urban slums of Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6619-1960","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anupama","family":"Bishwokarma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7525-7060","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diwash","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kshitiz","family":"Bhujel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Chand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2265-5724","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Laxmi","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8121-6206","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maheshor","family":"Kaphle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayurma","family":"Wagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2840-4181","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Isha","family":"Karmacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0263105.ref001","first-page":"13","article-title":"Socioeconomic Status Index to Interpret Inequalities in Child Development","volume":"11","author":"M Ahmadi Doulabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Child Neurology"},{"key":"pone.0263105.ref002","first-page":"474","article-title":"Prevalence of Developmental Delay and Factors Affecting the Development Status among Under 5 Children in an Urban Slum of Agra City","volume":"9","author":"D Agarwal","year":"2018","journal-title":"National Journal of Community Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0263105.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2016-134694","article-title":"Screening for developmental delay in preschool-aged children using parent-completed Ages and Stages Questionnaires: additional insights into child development","volume":"93","author":"SSAE Elella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medical Journal"},{"key":"pone.0263105.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e814","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-4092","article-title":"Mild Prematurity, Proximal Social Processes, and Development","volume":"134","author":"HK Brown","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0263105.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-14-253","article-title":"Factors associated with cognitive achievement in late childhood and adolescence: the Young Lives cohort study of children in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam","volume":"14","author":"BT Crookston","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0263105.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9175.122523","article-title":"A brief review of risk-factors for growth and developmental delay among preschool children in developing countries","volume":"2","author":"S. 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