{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:16:03Z","timestamp":1747196163906,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668643200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the COVID-19 pandemic there has been a rapid uptake and utilisation of telemedicine in all aspects of healthcare. This presents a key opportunity in surgical site infection surveillance. Remote follow up methods have been used via telephone, with photographs and questionnaires for post-operative reviews with varying results. This review therefore aims to comprehensively synthesise available evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of all forms of SSI telemedicine monitoring. The protocol has been established as per both PRISMA-P (S1 Table) and the Cochrane handbook for reviews of diagnostic test accuracy. Medline, Embase, CENTRAL and CINAHL will be searched using a complete search strategy developed with librarian input, in addition to google scholar and hand searching. All study designs with patients over 18 and undergone a primarily closed surgical procedure will be eligible. Index tests will include all forms of telemedicine and a subgroup analysis performed for each of these. Comparative tests must include face to face review, and all reference standards will be included again for sub-group analyses. Search results will be screened by two investigators independently with a third providing consensus review on disagreements. Methodological quality will be assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool, first validated by two investigators as per the Cochrane handbook. Exploratory analysis will formulate summary receiver operating characteristic curves and forest plots with estimates of sensitivity and specificity of the included studies. Sources of heterogeneity will be identifying and investigated through further analysis. Potential benefits of telemedicine integration in surgical practice will reduce cost and travel time to patients in addition to avoiding wasted clinic appointments, important considerations in a peri-pandemic era. To avoid missed or further complications, there must be confidence in the ability to diagnose infection. This review will systematically determine whether telemedicine is accurate for surgical site infection diagnosis, which methods are well established and if further research is indicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T19:05:15Z","timestamp":1668711915000},"page":"e0263549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The diagnostic test accuracy of telemedicine for detection of surgical site infection: A systematic review protocol"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9932-5304","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ross","family":"Lathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Misha","family":"Sidapra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2599-4131","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marina","family":"Yiasemidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0063-1414","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joshua","family":"Totty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Chetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0263549.ref001","unstructured":"\"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 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Horan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"e012150","key":"pone.0263549.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e012150","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012150","article-title":"Determining the worldwide epidemiology of surgical site infections after gastrointestinal resection surgery: protocol for a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study (GlobalSurg 2)","volume":"7","author":"GlobalSurg Collaborative","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0263549.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.02.012","article-title":"Procedure-specific Surgical Site Infection Incidence Varies Widely within Certain National Healthcare Safety Network Surgery Groups","volume":"43","author":"MJ Saeed","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Infection Control."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0263549.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2015.241","article-title":"Proportion of Surgical Site Infections Occuring after Hospital Discharge: A Systematic Review","volume":"17","author":"E Woelber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Surgical Infections"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0263549.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2001.1003","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality associated with surgical site infections: results from the 1997\u20131999 INCISO surveillance","volume":"48","author":"P. Astagneau","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of hospital infection"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0263549.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.13526","article-title":"The impact of surgical site infection on hospitalisation, treatment costs, and health-related quality of life after vascular surgery","volume":"18","author":"JP Totty","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Wound Journal"},{"issue":"8476","key":"pone.0263549.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90838-X","article-title":"A scoring method (ASEPSIS) for postoperative wound infections for use in clinical trials of antibiotic prophylaxis","volume":"1","author":"A. P. Wilson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0263549.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11008","article-title":"Validation of the Bluebelle Wound Healing Questionnaire for assessment of surgical-site infection in closed primary wounds after hospital discharge","volume":"106","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"pone.0263549.ref010","unstructured":"Deloitte. \"Global Mobile Consumer Survey: UK cut.\" https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/Deloitte\/uk\/Documents\/technology-media-telecommunications\/deloitte-uk-plateauing-at-the-peak-the-state-of-the-smartphone.pdf (accessed 13\/10\/2020."},{"key":"pone.0263549.ref011","unstructured":"WHO, \"Telemedicine Opportunities and develpments in Member States,\" in \"Global Observatory for eHealth series \", 2010, vol. 2. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/goe\/publications\/goe_telemedicine_2010.pdf."},{"key":"pone.0263549.ref012","unstructured":"WHO, \"mHealth: New horizons for health through mobile technologies.,\" in \"Global Observatory for eHealth series,\" World Health Organisation, 2011, vol. 3. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.who.int\/goe\/publications\/goe_mhealth_web.pdf?"},{"key":"pone.0263549.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1117\/12.811621","article-title":"A Remote Real-time PACS-based Platform for Medical Imaging Telemedicine","volume":"7264","author":"R Maani","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proceeding of SPIE"},{"key":"pone.0263549.ref014","unstructured":"Cochrane, \"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy,\" Cochrane Training, 2021. Accessed: 03\/12\/2022. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/training.cochrane.org\/handbook-diagnostic-test-accuracy\/PDF\/v2."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0263549.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"D. Moher","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0263549.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","article-title":"QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies","volume":"155","author":"P. F. 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P","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0263549.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2018.27.3.128","article-title":"Use of photograph-based telemedicine in postoperative wound assessment to diagnose or exclude surgical site infection","volume":"27","author":"J. P. 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