{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:23:17Z","timestamp":1791894197355,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"natural environment research council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/L000318\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/L000318\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000270","name":"natural environment research council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NE\/L000520\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NE\/L000520\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although soil organisms are essential for ecosystem function, the impacts of radiation on soil biological activity at highly contaminated sites has been relatively poorly studied. In April-May 2016, we conducted the first largescale deployment of bait lamina to estimate soil organism (largely soil invertebrate) feeding activity<jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>at study plots in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). Across our 53 study plots, estimated weighted absorbed dose rates to soil organisms ranged from 0.7 \u03bcGy h<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>to 1753 \u03bcGy h<jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>. There was no significant relationship between soil organism feeding activity and estimated weighted absorbed dose rate. Soil biological activity did show significant relationships with soil moisture content, bulk density (used as a proxy for soil organic matter) and pH. At plots in the Red Forest (an area of coniferous plantation where trees died because of high radiation exposure in 1986) soil biological activity was low compared to plots elsewhere in the CEZ. It is possible that the lower biological activity observed in the Red Forest is a residual consequence of what was in effect an acute high exposure to radiation in 1986.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T18:24:22Z","timestamp":1645640662000},"page":"e0263600","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Current ionising radiation doses in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone do not directly impact on soil biological activity"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8722-0238","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Beresford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey","family":"Gashchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine L.","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0263600.ref001","volume-title":"The nature and properties of soils","author":"RR Weil","year":"2017","edition":"15"},{"key":"pone.0263600.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(88)90142-X","article-title":"Earthworms as biological monitors of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in metalliferous soils","volume":"54","author":"JE Morgan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"pone.0263600.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5620200705","article-title":"The use of acute and chronic bioassays to determine the ecological risk and bioremediation efficiency of oil\u2010polluted soils","volume":"20","author":"CA van Gestel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"pone.0263600.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1078\/0031-4056-00234","article-title":"A summary of eleven years progress in earthworm ecotoxicology","volume":"47","author":"DJ Spurgeon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pedobiologia"},{"key":"pone.0263600.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.05.012","article-title":"Soil ecosystem health and services\u2014Evaluation of ecological indicators susceptible to chemical stressors.","volume":"16","author":"M Thomsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecol Indic"},{"key":"pone.0263600.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.2418","article-title":"Metabolomic analysis of soil communities can be used for pollution assessment","volume":"33","author":"OA Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Chem"},{"key":"pone.0263600.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-014-2195-5","article-title":"The feeding activity of invertebrates as a functional indicator in soil.","volume":"383","author":"J. 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