{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T17:01:52Z","timestamp":1778864512482,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"institute of health, jimma university"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTi) is the primary strategy employed to control and eliminate human onchocerciasis in Ethiopia. After long-term mass distribution for onchocerciasis, ivermectin is expected to have additional benefits beyond the envisioned targets by reducing the burden of other co-endemic parasitic infections as to STHs. To date, studies focused on the collateral impact of CDTi on STH in Ethiopia are scanty. Two community-based cross-sectional surveys (baseline in 1997 and post-CDTi in 2017) were conducted to evaluate the impact of long-term CDTi employed to control and eliminate onchocerciasis on the burden of STH infections in Yeki district of southwest Ethiopia. Stool samples were collected and examined using Ritchie`s concentration and Kato-Katz techniques in the baseline and current study, respectively. Overall, 188(38.3%, 95% Confidence interval (CI) 34.1\u201342.7%) individuals were positive at least for any of the STH species from 491 study participants in the post-CDTi. The prevalence of <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>, hookworms, and <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>trichiura<\/jats:italic> was 11.2% (95% CI 8.7\u201314.3%), 16.3% (95% CI 13.3\u201319.8%), and 29.9% (95% CI 26.1\u201334.1%), respectively. Individuals aged 5\u20139 years had a significantly higher prevalence of <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 6.5, 95% CI 1.7\u201325.4), <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>trichuria<\/jats:italic> (AOR 8, 95% CI 2.6\u201325.1), and any STH infection (AOR 5, 95% CI 1.7\u201314.7) than those of \u2265 51 years. Also, significantly higher prevalences of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>trichuria<\/jats:italic> infection were observed in individuals aged 10\u201314 years (AOR 4.1, 95% CI 1.7\u20139.9), 15\u201320 years (AOR 3.1, 95% CI 1.2\u20138.1), 21\u201330 years (AOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1\u20135.5), and 31\u201340 years (AOR 3.2, 95% CI 1.3\u20137.5) compared with those of \u2265 51 years. The prevalence of <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> was significantly higher in males (AOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3\u20130.9). Of the 491 study participants, only data from 400 individuals who had not been involved in a mass drug administration (MDA) with other STH anthelmintics were considered in the comparative analysis. Before CDTi, the prevalence of <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>trichiura<\/jats:italic>, hookworm, and any STH infection was 47.1% (95% CI 41.6\u201352.7%), 3.3% (95% CI 1.8\u20135.9%), 37.9% (95% CI 32.7\u201343.5%), and 58.8% (95% CI 53.2\u201364.1%), respectively. Long-term CDTi considerably reduced the prevalences of <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> and hookworm by 76.2% and 56.9%, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). Nonetheless, CDTi did not affect the prevalence of <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>trichiura<\/jats:italic> infection and, in contrast, it was significantly higher in the current study (P &lt; 0.001). Overall post-CDTi prevalence of any STH infection was considerably lower than reported in the baseline (p &lt; 0.001). It is evidenced that long-term CDTi for onchocerciasis control and elimination had additional benefits by reducing the prevalence of STH infections specifically of <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> and hookworm, but had no impact on infections with <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>trichuria<\/jats:italic>. Our finding of additional health benefits of large-scale ivermectin administration taking it will aid to increase positive engagement and sustain participation of communities during MDA campaigns, and strengthen governmental and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) support for the undergoing national onchocerciasis elimination program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T18:42:20Z","timestamp":1644518540000},"page":"e0263625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of ivermectin mass drug administration on burden of soil-transmitted helminths in onchocerciasis control and elimination programs, Yeki district, southwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0597-0407","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gebremedhin","family":"Gebrezgabiher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delenasaw","family":"Yewhalaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mio","family":"Ayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asrat","family":"Hailu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3418-7291","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zeleke","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0263625.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.07.001","article-title":"Control of soil-transmitted helminths in sub-Saharan Africa: Diagnosis, drug efficacy concerns and challenges","volume":"120S","author":"LAT Tchuent\u00e9","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"pone.0263625.ref002","first-page":"1","article-title":"Efficacy of recommended drugs against soil-transmitted helminths: systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"358","author":"W Moser","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0263625.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)62007-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections","volume":"62","author":"S Brooker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"key":"pone.0263625.ref004","first-page":"87","volume-title":"Neglected Tropical Diseases-sub-Saharan Africa","author":"B BA","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0263625.ref005","first-page":"1","article-title":"Serious limitations of the current strategy to control Soil-Transmitted Helminths and added value of ivermectin mass administration: a population-based observational study in Cameroon.","volume":"14","author":"LD Yemeli","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"pone.0263625.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68653-4","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm","volume":"367","author":"J Bethony","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0263625.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32335-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 DALYs and HALE Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0263625.ref008","first-page":"71004","article-title":"Spatial and temporal distribution of soil-transmitted helminth infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and geostatistical meta-analysis","volume":"3099","author":"Karagiannis-Voules","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0263625.ref009","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Second Edition of Ethiopia National Master Plan For Neglected Tropical Diseases","author":"Federal Ministry of Health","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0263625.ref010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Federal Ministry of Health. 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