{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T03:00:06Z","timestamp":1785466806547,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000977","name":"Cotton Research and Development Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DAN2003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DAN2003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008916","name":"Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fall Armyworm Response 2020-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fall Armyworm Response 2020-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008916","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Spodoptera frugiperda<\/jats:italic> (J.E. Smith) is a highly invasive noctuid pest first reported in northern Australia during early 2020. To document current status of resistance in <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>frugiperda<\/jats:italic> in Australia, insecticide toxicity was tested in field populations collected during the first year of establishment, between March 2020 and March 2021. Dose-response was measured by larval bioassay in 11 populations of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>frugiperda<\/jats:italic> and a susceptible laboratory strain of <jats:italic>Helicoverpa armigera<\/jats:italic>. Emamectin benzoate was the most efficacious insecticide (LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 0.023\u03bcg\/ml) followed by chlorantraniliprole (LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 0.055\u03bcg\/ml), spinetoram (LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 0.098\u03bcg\/ml), spinosad (LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 0.526\u03bcg\/ml), and methoxyfenozide (1.413\u03bcg\/ml). Indoxacarb was the least toxic selective insecticide on <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>frugiperda<\/jats:italic> (LC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> 3.789\u03bcg\/ml). Emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole and methoxyfenozide were 2- to 7-fold less toxic on <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>frugiperda<\/jats:italic> compared with <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>armigera<\/jats:italic> while spinosyns were equally toxic on both species. Indoxacarb was 28-fold less toxic on <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>frugiperda<\/jats:italic> compared with <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>armigera<\/jats:italic>. There was decreased sensitivity to Group 1 insecticides and synthetic pyrethroids in <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>frugiperda<\/jats:italic> compared with <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>armigera<\/jats:italic>: toxicity was reduced up to 11-fold for methomyl, 56 to 199-fold for cyhalothrin, and 44 to 132-fold for alpha cypermethrin. Synergism bioassays with metabolic inhibitors suggest involvement of mixed function oxidase in pyrethroid resistance. Recommended diagnostic doses for emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, spinosad, methoxyfenozide and indoxacarb are 0.19, 1.0, 0.75, 6, 12 and 48\u03bcg\/\u03bcl, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T18:30:38Z","timestamp":1644517838000},"page":"e0263677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Insecticide resistance in Australian Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) and development of testing procedures for resistance surveillance"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2669-0540","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lisa","family":"Bird","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melina","family":"Miles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Quade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Spafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0263677.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.2307\/3494083","article-title":"Fall armyworm symposium: a review of the biology of the fall armyworm","volume":"62","author":"AN Sparkes","year":"1979","journal-title":"Fla Entomol"},{"key":"pone.0263677.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2307\/3494893","article-title":"Relationship of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Florida, Honduras, Jamaica, and Mississippi: susceptibility to insecticides with reference to migration","volume":"71","author":"HN Pitre","year":"1988","journal-title":"Fla Entomol"},{"key":"pone.0263677.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165632","article-title":"First report of outbreaks of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), a new alien invasive pest in West and Central Africa","volume":"11","author":"G Goergen","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0263677.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.18311\/jbc\/2018\/21707","article-title":"Studies on new invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (J. 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