{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:29:05Z","timestamp":1791286145113,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alternatives of conventional antibiotics have become an urgent need to control drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, search for new antibacterial agents has become a trend in several microbiological and pharmaceutical scientific works. Insects, one of the most successful and evolved species on earth is known to be an effective natural source of several medically useful chemicals including antibacterial agents. There is considerable evidence of using wasp venom against medical ailments in several parts of the world. In this work venom from <jats:italic>Polistes wattii<\/jats:italic> Cameron, 1900 collected from Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia was evaluated for its antibacterial activities. Such activity was tested against four pathogenic bacteria: two-gram positive <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (ATCC 25923) and <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> (RCMB 017(1) ATCC 25175) and two gram-negative (<jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic> NCTC 12023 ATCC 14028 and <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic> (RCMB 001(1) ATCC 23355). Also, chemical characterization of wasp venom was done using HPLC and two isolated peptides were sequenced. The result indicates the potent anti-microbial effect of the venom against the four tested bacteria. The most sensitive bacteria were <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (ATCC 25923) and <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> (RCMB 017(1) ATCC 25175). The sequence of the two purified peptides indicates that they belong to mastoparan. The study results may pave way to use this wasp venom in future antibiotics especially in controlling skin infection by <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T18:31:49Z","timestamp":1646677909000},"page":"e0264035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Antibacterial activities of two potential peptides extracted from Polistes wattii Cameron, 1900 (Vespidae: Polistinae) wasp venom collected at Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0047-4607","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kholoud","family":"A. 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