{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T02:42:21Z","timestamp":1774838541854,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There have been concerns regarding the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the United Arab Emirates and the association between this prevalence and cardiovascular risk. Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem, with a high prevalence in the Abu Dhabi national population. This cross-sectional retrospective observational study aimed to elucidate vitamin D deficiency symptoms and contributing factors in this context.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Method and sampling<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among 12346 participants presenting for their Weqaya population comprehensive cardiovascular risk factor screening, 700 were randomly selected and telephoned, among whom 400 completed a questionnaire that elicited information on dietary intake, sun exposure, clothing, physical activity, and symptoms related to vitamin D deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Higher vitamin D levels were noted in participants who consumed extra servings of cod liver oil, tuna, salmon, and eggs; who wore clothes with their arms and legs exposed; and who performed daily physical activity. Symptoms of hypovitaminosis D (bone pain) were more frequently found in females. Fatigue is significantly associated with low vitamin D and younger participants. Strategies focusing on health promotion and lifestyle interventions should be implemented to address vitamin D deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T18:50:35Z","timestamp":1644951035000},"page":"e0264064","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in Abu Dhabi Emirati population"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1927-1014","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amal Abdul Rahim","family":"Al Zarooni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Nagelkerke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatima Ibrahim","family":"Al Marzouqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salma Hamad","family":"Al Darmaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264064.ref001","first-page":"589","article-title":"Effect of physical activity and sun exposure on vitamin D status of Saudi children and adolescents","volume":"12","author":"A Al-Othman","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr [Internet]."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264064.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.1.18","article-title":"Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes","volume":"84","author":"HA Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr 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Sedrani","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr [Internet]."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264064.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-33","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency among healthy adolescents in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.","volume":"13","author":"SJ Muhairi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health [Internet]"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264064.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4158\/EP.15.1.35","article-title":"Severe Vitamin D Deficiency in Arab-American Women Living in Dearborn, Michigan.","volume":"15","author":"RD Hobbs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Endocr Pract [Internet]"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0264064.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508023416","article-title":"Predictors of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status among adults in two British national surveys","volume":"101","author":"V Hirani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J 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Al-Mogbel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Health Sci [Internet]."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0264064.ref018","first-page":"2729","article-title":"Resolution of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Osteopenic Patients Results in Rapid Recovery of Bone Mineral Density 1","volume":"84","author":"JS Adams","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet]."},{"key":"pone.0264064.ref019","unstructured":"Weqaya Program\u2014Programs & Campaigns\u2014Department of Health [Internet]. [cited 2021 Oct 21]. Available from: https:\/\/www.doh.gov.ae\/en\/programs-initiatives\/weqaya-program"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264064.ref020","first-page":"508","article-title":"Vitamin D and Immunomodulation: Is It Time to Change the Reference Values?","volume":"47","author":"G Bivona","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Clin Lab Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264064.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4536-1","article-title":"Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated comorbidities among Abu Dhabi Emirates population.","volume":"12","author":"AAR Al Zarooni","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes [Internet]."},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0264064.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15081624","article-title":"Is Sunlight Exposure Enough to Avoid Wintertime Vitamin D Deficiency in United Kingdom Population Groups?","volume":"15","author":"R Kift","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264064.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-19-610","article-title":"Association between vitamin D deficiency and fragility fractures in Chinese elderly patients: a cross-sectional study.","volume":"9","author":"Q Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med [Internet]"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0264064","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T18:51:03Z","timestamp":1644951063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0264064"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Carla","family":"Pegoraro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0264064","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]}}}