{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T16:58:37Z","timestamp":1793120317077,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KAW 2014.0205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KAW 2014.0205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Esports is an often time-consuming activity that has become increasingly popular with billions of players all over the world. The objective of this study was to investigate if there is a relationship between skill level in the strategy video game Dota 2, a game that places many demands on decision making to be successful, and decision making under ambiguity and experience as measured by performance in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a task known to have ecological validity. Two indicators of players\u2019 performance in Dota 2, namely match-making rating (MMR) and Medal, were used as predictors of performance in the IGT in path models. Results showed that Medal was a significant predictor of performance in IGT, while MMR score was borderline significant. The cognitive reflection task, included in the models as an indicator of the ability to engage in conscious, analytical, rational, and logical thinking, was a significant predictor of performance in IGT, and was significantly and positively related to MMR. The findings from this study give insight into the cognitive demands related to performance in Dota 2. Although results suggest that strategy video gaming may be a factor that contributes to increased decision making abilities, a reversed relationship is also possible, whereby individuals who are better at decision making are also more likely to become successful in Dota-2. More studies, preferably longitudinal, are needed to replicate the findings of this study and to establish the directionality between factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T18:33:35Z","timestamp":1646159615000},"page":"e0264350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Relationships between Dota 2 expertise and decision-making ability"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2709-9966","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel Eriksson","family":"S\u00f6rman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl Eriksson","family":"Dahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lindmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrik","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Vega-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5546-3270","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica","family":"K\u00f6rning-Ljungberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0264350.ref001","author":"T. Wijman","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Global Games Market Will Generate $152.1 Billion in 2019 as the U.S. Overtakes China as the Biggest Market."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0264350.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s41465-017-0015-6","article-title":"The Changing Face of Video Games and Video Gamers: Future Directions in the Scientific Study of Video Game Play and Cognitive Performance","volume":"1","author":"G Dale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Enhancement"},{"issue":"C","key":"pone.0264350.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2015.11.003","article-title":"An update to the systematic literature review of empirical evidence of the impacts and outcomes of computer games and serious games.","volume":"94","author":"EA Boyle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0264350.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2012.03.004","article-title":"A systematic literature review of empirical evidence on computer games and serious games","volume":"5","author":"TM Connolly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Computer & Education"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0264350.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000196","article-title":"Immediate and Long-Term Efficacy of Executive Functions Cognitive Training in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-","volume":"145","author":"L Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Analysis. Psychological Bulletin."},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0264350.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797614548725","article-title":"Making Working Memory Work: A Meta-Analysis of Executive-Control and Working Memory Training in Older Adults","volume":"25","author":"J Karbach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0264350.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200502000-00010","article-title":"Computerized Training of Working Memory in Children With ADHD\u2014A Randomized, Controlled Trial.","volume":"44","author":"T Klingberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264350.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1037\/pag0000081","article-title":"Multi-Domain Training Enhances Attentional Control","volume":"31","author":"JC Binder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0264350.ref009","first-page":"808","article-title":"The training of updating function: Content, effect and mechanism","volume":"24","author":"X Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264350.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691616635612","article-title":"Working Memory Training Does Not Improve Performance on Measures of Intelligence or Other Measures of \u201cFar Transfer\u201d: Evidence From a Meta-Analytic Review","volume":"11","author":"M Melby-Lerv\u00e5g","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0264350.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63614","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063614","article-title":"Failure of working memory training to enhance cognition or intelligence.","volume":"8","author":"TW Thompson","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0264350.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00354","article-title":"Effects of video game training on measures of selective attention and working memory in older adults: Results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"1","author":"S Ballesteros","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00234","article-title":"Corrigendum: Cognitive training with casual video games. Points to consider.","volume":"5","author":"PL Baniqued","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264350.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2013.01.034","article-title":"Video game training to improve selective visual attention in older adults","volume":"29","author":"P Belchior","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0264350.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.01.044","article-title":"Action video games make dyslexic children read better","volume":"23","author":"S Franceschini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00206","article-title":"Video game training enhances visuospatial working memory and episodic memory in older adults","volume":"10","author":"P Toril","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0264350.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000139","article-title":"Video Game Training Does Not Enhance Cognitive Ability: A Comprehensive Meta-Analytic Investigation.","volume":"144","author":"G Sala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.04.046","article-title":"Playing a puzzle video game with changing requirements improves executive functions","volume":"37","author":"AC Oei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264350.ref019","first-page":"198","volume":"7","author":"AM Large","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cognitive and Behavioral Correlates of Achievement in a Complex Multi-Player Video Game"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264350.ref020","first-page":"144","volume":"7","author":"ND Bowman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Editorial: Video Games as Demanding Technologies"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264350.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000130","article-title":"Meta-Analysis of Action Video Game Impact on Perceptual, Attentional, and Cognitive Skills","volume":"144","author":"B Bediou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-95495-0_9","volume-title":"Video Game Influences on Aggression, Cognition, and Attention","author":"NAA Roque","year":"2018"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00907","article-title":"Action Video Game Training for Healthy Adults: A Meta-Analytic Study","volume":"7","author":"P Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2013.00609","article-title":"What would my avatar do? Gaming, pathology, and risky decision making.","volume":"4","author":"K Bailey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0264350.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2014.12.029","article-title":"The influence of video games on executive functions in college students","volume":"45","author":"MT Buelow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00101","article-title":"Action Real-Time Strategy Gaming Experience Related to increased Attentional Resources: An Attentional Blink Study","volume":"14","author":"X Gan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref027","first-page":"42","volume":"131","author":"D Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"The high-working load states induced by action real-time strategy gaming: An EEG power spectrum and network study."},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00333","article-title":"Action Real-Time Strategy Gaming Experience Related to Enhanced Capacity of Visual Working Memory","volume":"14","author":"Y Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0264350.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1037\/ppm0000237","article-title":"Cognitive abilities of action video game and role-playing video game players: Data from a massive open online course","volume":"9","author":"G Dale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychology of Popular Media"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0264350.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s41465-017-0021-8","article-title":"Associations Between Avid Action and Real-Time Strategy Game Play and Cognitive Performance: a Pilot Study","volume":"1","author":"G Dale","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Enhancement"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00047","article-title":"Rapid Improvement in Visual Selective Attention Related to Action Video Gaming Experience","volume":"12","author":"N Qiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref032","first-page":"1464","article-title":"A new look at the cognitive neuroscience of video game play","author":"G Dale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcom.2018.02.005","article-title":"MOBA games: A literature review","volume":"26","author":"M Mora-Cantallops","year":"2018","journal-title":"Entertainment Computing"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264350.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.92.4.433","article-title":"Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Probabilistic Inference","volume":"92","author":"HJ Einhorn","year":"1985","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref035","unstructured":"Steamcharts. An ongoing analysis of Steam\u2019s concurrent players; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/steamcharts.com\/app\/570 (Retrieved 2021-08-05)."},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref036","unstructured":"Statista. Number of monthly active users (MAU) of DOTA 2 worldwide; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/607472\/dota2-users-number\/ (Retrieved 2021-08-05)."},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref037","unstructured":"E-sports earnings. Top Games Awarding Prize Money; 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.esportsearnings.com\/games (Retrieved 2021-08-05)."},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0264350.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0186621","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186621","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between video game expertise and fluid intelligence","volume":"12","author":"AV Kokkinakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref039","volume-title":"Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence\u2013Second Edition (WASI-II)","author":"D. Wechsler","year":"2011"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0264350.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2018.1461761","article-title":"What Makes a Champion: The Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Expertise in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena Games","volume":"34","author":"Y Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264350.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/IJGCMS.2016100101","article-title":"Game play differences by expertise level in Dota 2, a complex multiplayer video game","volume":"8","author":"LK Castaneda","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0264350.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0206555","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206555","article-title":"Time on task matters most in video game expertise","volume":"13","author":"S R\u00f6hlcke","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0264350.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691612460685","article-title":"Dual-process theories of higher cognition: advancing the debate","volume":"8","author":"Stanovich KE Evans JSBT","year":"2013","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref044","volume-title":"Thinking, fast and slow","author":"D Kahneman","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264350.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogdev.2007.08.006","article-title":"The contribution of \"cool\" and \"hot\" components of decision-making in adolescence: Implications for developmental psychopathology","volume":"22","author":"JR S\u00e9guin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cognitive Development"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"pone.0264350.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3","article-title":"Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex","volume":"50","author":"A Bechara","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0264350.ref047","first-page":"1344","article-title":"The multifold relationship between memory and decision making: An individual-differences study","volume":"39","author":"F Del Missier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0264350.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00003435","article-title":"Individual differences in reasoning: Implications for the rationality debate?","volume":"23","author":"KE Stanovich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264350.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.94.4.672","article-title":"On the relative independence of thinking biases and cognitive ability","volume":"94","author":"KE Stanovich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264350.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2003.04.001","article-title":"The role of emotion in decision-making: Evidence from neurological patients with orbitofrontal damage","volume":"55","author":"A. Bechara","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264350.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-009-9083-4","article-title":"Construct Validity of the Iowa Gambling Task","volume":"19","author":"M Buelow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychology Review."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264350.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2005.09.011","article-title":"Some decks are better than others: The effect of reinforcer type and task instructions on learning in the Iowa Gambling Task","volume":"60","author":"G Fernie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain and Cognition"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref053","unstructured":"Dota 2 Gamepedia; 2021. Avaliable from https:\/\/dota2.gamepedia.com\/Dota_2_Wiki (Retrieved 2021-08-05)."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264350.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1257\/089533005775196732","article-title":"Cognitive Reflection and Decision Making","volume":"19","author":"S. Frederick","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Perspectives"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0264350.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/bdm.1883","article-title":"The Development and Testing of a New Version of the Cognitive Reflection Test Applying Item Response Theory (IRT)","volume":"29","author":"C Primi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Decision Making"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0264350.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.3758\/s13421-011-0104-1","article-title":"The Cognitive Reflection Test as a predictor of performance on heuristics-and-biases tasks","volume":"39","author":"M Toplak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Memory & Cognition"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref057","volume-title":"Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence (WASI)","author":"D. Wechsler","year":"1999"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref058","volume-title":"Advanced progressive matrices","author":"JC Raven","year":"1962"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264350.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-015-0576-1","article-title":"Is the cognitive reflection test a measure of both reflection and intuition?","volume":"48","author":"G Pennycook","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264350.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.4.1096","article-title":"PsyToolkit\u2014A software package for programming psychological experiments using Linux","volume":"42","author":"G. Stoet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264350.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1177\/0098628316677643","article-title":"PsyToolkit: A novel web-based method for running online questionnaires and reaction-time experiments","volume":"44","author":"G. Stoet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Teaching of Psychology."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264350.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-3-16","article-title":"Is deck B a disadvantageous deck in the Iowa Gambling Task?","volume":"3","author":"C-H Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behavioral and Brain Functions"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264350.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.028","article-title":"Functional activity related to risk anticipation during performance of the Iowa gambling task","volume":"24","author":"H Fukui","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264350.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.10.003","article-title":"Decision-making impairments in patients with pathological gambling","volume":"133","author":"M Brand","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref065","volume-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0.","author":"IBM Corp","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref066","volume-title":"IBM SPSS AMOS 23 User\u2019s Guide","author":"JL Arbuckle","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref067","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Structural Equation Modeling: A Second Course","author":"SJ Finney","year":"2006"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","article-title":"The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations","volume":"51","author":"RM Baron","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of Personality and Social Psychology"},{"key":"pone.0264350.ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.01510","article-title":"A Motivational Model Explaining Performance in Video Games","volume":"11","author":"R Hulaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Frontiers in psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264350.ref070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2014.896024","article-title":"20 years later: Deliberate practice and the development of expertise in sport","volume":"7","author":"J Baker","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Review of Sport & Exercise Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0264350.ref071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.2.93","article-title":"Should We Trust Web Based Studies? A Comparative Analysis of Six Preconceptions About Internet Questionnaires","volume":"59","author":"S Gosling","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Psychologist"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0264350","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T18:34:26Z","timestamp":1646159666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0264350"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Darrell A.","family":"Worthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0264350","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]}}}