{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T23:49:42Z","timestamp":1773272982090,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IN-US-259-4294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IN-US-259-4294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007700","name":"Miami Center for AIDS Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AI073961"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI073961"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Indices of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, vascular endothelial dilation, arterial stiffness and endothelial repair were examined in persons with HIV (PWH) on an antiretroviral therapy (ART) that included abacavir (ABC+) in comparison with PWH on ART without abacavir (ABC-), and with HIV seronegative (HIV-) individuals.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Approach<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The 115 participants (63% men), aged 30\u201350 years, did not have CVD, metabolic, endocrine, or chronic renal conditions. PWH were on stable ART for six-months or more. Vascular assessments included flow-mediated dilation (FMD), aortic, radial and femoral arterial stiffness (cAIx, crPWV, cfPWV), and thigh and calf arterial compliance (Vmax50). Endothelial repair was indexed by endothelial progenitor cell colony forming units (EPC-CFU). Traditional CVD risk measures included blood pressure, central adiposity, lipids, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), CRP and ASCVD score. Analyses controlled for demographics (age, sex, education), medications (antihypertensive, statin\/fibrate, antipsychotic), and substance abuse (ASSIST).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>No group differences were observed in central adiposity, HOMA-IR, CRP, or ASCVD risk score. However, the ABC- group displayed greater dyslipidemia. The ABC+ group displayed no difference on FMD, cAIx, cfPWV or calf Vmax50 compared with other groups. When CD4 count and viral load were controlled, no additional differences between the ABC+ and ABC- groups emerged. Analyses of crPWV and thigh Vmax50 suggested supported by a trend toward lower EPC-CFU in the HIV+ groups than the HIV- group.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Findings indicate that ABC treatment of 30\u201350 year-old PWH on stable ART is not likely to contribute in a robust way to higher CVD risk.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T18:28:22Z","timestamp":1646936902000},"page":"e0264445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Abacavir antiretroviral therapy and indices of subclinical vascular disease in persons with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2489-6193","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudia A.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rishi","family":"Rikhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mollie S.","family":"Pester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meela","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1821-1239","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michaela","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4576-9898","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Armando","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey K.","family":"Raines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Kolber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2814-2321","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ivonne H.","family":"Schulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Alcaide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barry E.","family":"Hurwitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0264445.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2190","article-title":"Increased acute myocardial infarction rates and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease","volume":"92","author":"VA Triant","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000419","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus infection, cardiovascular risk factor profile and risk for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"68","author":"A Paisible","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix082","article-title":"Association of macrophage inflammation biomarkers with progression of subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis in HIV-infected women and men","volume":"215","author":"DB Hanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001220","article-title":"Associations between antiretroviral use and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis","volume":"30","author":"GP Thomas","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"pone.0264445.ref005","first-page":"23S","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"118","author":"SK Grinspoon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1385\/CT:4:3:303","article-title":"HIV, metabolic syndrome X, inflammation, oxidative stress, and coronary heart disease risk: Role of protease inhibitor exposure","volume":"4","author":"BE Hurwitz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Toxicol"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref007","volume":"2016","author":"AV Ivanov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxidative stress during HIV infection: Mechanisms and consequences. Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00185","article-title":"HIV proteins and endothelial dysfunction: Implications in cardiovascular disease","volume":"5","author":"AR Anand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000025404.78001.D8","article-title":"Prognostic value of coronary vascular endothelial dysfunction","volume":"106","author":"JPJ Halcox","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000033","article-title":"Recommendations for improving and standardizing vascular research on arterial stiffness: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"66","author":"RR Townsend","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref011","first-page":"507","article-title":"The role of vascular biomarkers for primary and secondary prevention","volume":"241","author":"C Vlachopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"A position paper from the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on peripheral circulation: Endorsed by the Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology (ARTERY) Society. Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(99)00192-2","article-title":"Assessment of vascular aging and atherosclerosis in hypertensive subjects: Second derivative of photoplethysmogram versus pulse wave velocity","volume":"13","author":"LA Bortolotto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2015.11.083","article-title":"Arterial stiffness, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk: Pathophysiologic mechanisms and emerging clinical indications","volume":"77","author":"C Palombo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022287","article-title":"Circulating endothelial progenitor cells, vascular function, and cardiovascular risk","volume":"348","author":"JM Hill","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v6.i3.355","article-title":"Endothelial progenitor cells in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"6","author":"PSS Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Stem Cells"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2020.09.017","article-title":"Recent discoveries in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors","volume":"54","author":"S-X Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref017","author":"AA Patel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Coronary artery disease in patients with HIV infection: An Update. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60423-7","article-title":"Use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and risk of myocardial infarction in HIV-infected patients enrolled in the D:A:D study: a multi-cohort collaboration","volume":"371","author":"D:A:D Study Group","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0588-4","article-title":"Is there continued evidence for an association between abacavir usage and myocardial infarction risk in individuals with HIV? A cohort collaboration","volume":"14","author":"CA Sabin","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.07.010","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular disease associated with exposure to abacavir among individuals with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analyses of results from 17 epidemiologic studies","volume":"52","author":"K Dorjee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5020","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000005020","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness of unboosted atazanavir plus abacavir\/lamivudine in subjects with virological suppression: A prospective cohort study","volume":"95","author":"JM Llibre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832e7140","article-title":"Association of abacavir and impaired endothelial function in treated and suppressed HIV-infected patients","volume":"23","author":"PY Hsue","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833d568f","article-title":"Lower arterial stiffness and Framingham score after switching abacavir to tenofovir in men at high cardiovascular risk","volume":"24","author":"K Sinn","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2011.0184","article-title":"Impact of tenofovir versus abacavir on HIV-related endothelial dysfunction","volume":"25","author":"D Francisci","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080157","article-title":"Roles and mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor ritonavir and other anti-human immunodeficiency virus drugs in endothelial dysfunction of porcine pulmonary arteries and human pulmonary artery endothelial cells","volume":"174","author":"X Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2681","article-title":"Comparison of cardiovascular disease risk markers in HIV-infected patients receiving abacavir and tenofovir: the nucleoside inflammation, coagulation and endothelial function (NICE) study","volume":"19","author":"DA Wohl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir497","article-title":"Progression of carotid intima-media thickness in a contemporary human immunodeficiency virus cohort","volume":"53","author":"JV Baker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0264445.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1086\/649897","article-title":"Risk of myocardial infarction in patients with HIV infection exposed to specific individual antiretroviral drugs from the 3 major drug classes: the data collection on adverse events of anti-HIV drugs (D:A:D) study","volume":"201","author":"SW Worm","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0264445.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003731","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003731","article-title":"Menopausal hormone therapy and women\u2019s health: An umbrella review","volume":"18","author":"GQ Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02114.x","article-title":"Validation of the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST)","volume":"103","author":"R Humeniuk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0106","article-title":"Adaptation of \u03b2-Cell and endothelial function to carbohydrate loading: Influence of insulin resistance","volume":"64","author":"BE Hurwitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehl254","article-title":"Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications","volume":"27","author":"S Laurent","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/00001573-200209000-00016","article-title":"Augmentation index as a measure of peripheral vascular disease state","volume":"17","author":"WW Nichols","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510600731332","article-title":"Pulse-wave morphology and pulse-wave velocity in healthy human volunteers: examination conditions","volume":"66","author":"M Frimodt-M\u00f8ller","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32832cb04e","article-title":"Noninvasive determination of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity depends critically on assessment of travel distance: a comparison with invasive measurement","volume":"27","author":"T Weber","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref036","article-title":"Predictors of calf arterial compliance in male veterans with psychiatric diagnoses","author":"MM Koola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion CNS Disord"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"DR Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"WT Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2015.03.020","article-title":"Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells restore endothelial function in heart failure by stimulating endothelial progenitor cells","volume":"2","author":"C Premer","year":"2015","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref040","unstructured":"American College of Cardiology, American Heart Association. ASCVD Risk Estimator. https:\/\/tools.acc.org\/ldl\/ascvd_risk_estimator\/index.html#!\/calulate\/estimator"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref041","first-page":"2935","article-title":"2013 ACC\/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines","volume":"63","author":"DC Goff","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref042","article-title":"Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: potential and pitfalls","volume":"338","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14657","article-title":"Vascular endothelial dysfunction in the wake of HIV and ART","volume":"286","author":"C Marincowitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834980f4","article-title":"Imbalance between endothelial progenitors cells and microparticles in HIV-infected patients naive for antiretroviral therapy","volume":"25","author":"EFR da Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833ef79d","article-title":"Endothelial progenitor cell trafficking in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons","volume":"24","author":"L Teofili","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000021125.83697.21","article-title":"Predisposition to atherosclerosis by infections: role of endothelial dysfunction","volume":"106","author":"A Prasad","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.10.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of endothelial regeneration and vascular repair and their application to regenerative medicine","volume":"191","author":"CE Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e279","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(20)30036-9","article-title":"HIV and cardiovascular disease","volume":"7","author":"K So-Armah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001109","article-title":"Inflammation, immune activation, and cardiovascular disease in HIV","volume":"30","author":"E Nou","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.10.004","article-title":"HIV and aging","volume":"53","author":"EJ Wing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.10.009","article-title":"Cardiomyopathy and heart failure in patients with HIV infection","volume":"35","author":"P Savvoulidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2008.0170","article-title":"The association of HIV infection with left ventricular mass\/hypertrophy","volume":"25","author":"A Mansoor","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.854943","article-title":"Impact of HIV infection on diastolic function and left ventricular mass","volume":"3","author":"PY Hsue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31819ff0e6","article-title":"Risk of myocardial infarction and abacavir therapy: no increased risk across 52 GlaxoSmithKline-sponsored clinical trials in adult subjects","volume":"51","author":"CH Brothers","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq244","article-title":"No risk of myocardial infarction associated with initial antiretroviral treatment containing abacavir: short and long-term results from ACTG A5001\/ALLRT","volume":"52","author":"HJ Ribaudo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31826f993c","article-title":"No association of abacavir use with myocardial infarction: findings of an FDA meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"X Ding","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328349c6ee","article-title":"Abacavir use and cardiovascular disease events: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data","volume":"25","author":"M Cruciani","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001547","article-title":"Cardiovascular toxicity of abacavir: a clinical controversy in need of a pharmacological explanation","volume":"31","author":"A Alvarez","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328334fe84","article-title":"Abacavir and cardiovascular risk","volume":"23","author":"GMN Behrens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1177\/153857440303700307","article-title":"Relationship of peripheral arterial compliance and standard cardiovascular risk factors","volume":"37","author":"HJ Willens","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vasc Endovascular Surg"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(03)00254-0","article-title":"Arterial compliance adds to conventional risk factors for prediction of angiographic coronary artery disease","volume":"146","author":"DM Herrington","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.03.063","article-title":"Usefulness of arterial compliance in the thigh in predicting exercise capacity in individuals without coronary heart disease","volume":"96","author":"HJ Willens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31826afbfc","article-title":"Association of HIV-infection and antiretroviral therapy with levels of endothelial progenitor cells and subclinical atherosclerosis","volume":"61","author":"D G\u00f3mez-Garre","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2017.0057","article-title":"Low levels of endothelial progenitor cells and their association with systemic inflammation and monocyte activation in older HIV-infected men","volume":"34","author":"S Seang","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"pone.0264445.ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ316","article-title":"Risk of cardiovascular events associated with current exposure to HIV antiretroviral therapies in a US veteran population","volume":"61","author":"M Desai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0264445","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T18:29:08Z","timestamp":1646936948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0264445"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Huimin","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0264445","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]}}}