{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:22:24Z","timestamp":1790652144645,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NRCT5-RRI63017 and Grant No. N41A640071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRCT5-RRI63017 and Grant No. N41A640071"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Fiscal year 2021"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sericin, a natural protein from silk cocoon, has been reported for various biological properties in the biomaterials field. Modified forms of sericin have been studied for bone tissue engineering, while its unmodified form has been scarcely reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate physical and biological properties of unmodified sericin for potential use in bone surgery. Sericin was extracted from silk cocoons using a chemical-free boiling method. Sericin extract showed distinct bands with molecular weight ranging from 25 to 42 kDa including smear bands. Fourier transform infrared spectra presented characteristic peaks of amide I, II, and III, confirming the chemical composition of sericin. Based on biological activity, sericin extract at a concentration of 40 \u03bcg\/mL increased the proliferation of osteoblast cells up to 135%, compared with the untreated control. Moreover, increase in antibacterial activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , both clinical isolates and the reference strain ATCC 29213, was demonstrated for sericin extract with normal saline, while no antibacterial activity was observed for sericin with broth. It was found that sericin with normal saline showed higher zeta potential than sericin without normal saline, indicating higher system stability. This was confirmed by the average particle size of sericin extract with NaCl (3,249.3\u00b1226.1 nm) showing approximately 10 times smaller than sericin solution (29,015.9 \u00b1 8,085.6 nm). Furthermore, sericin extract at the minimal inhibitory concentration significantly reduced the biofilm formation of\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    up to 95%. The study indicates biological activities of sericin, which could be applied as a dual-functional bioactive material to support bone regeneration and treat bone infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264795","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T13:55:20Z","timestamp":1646229320000},"page":"e0264795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Dual-functional bioactive silk sericin for osteoblast responses and osteomyelitis treatment"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chayanee","family":"Noosak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavarish","family":"Jantorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jirut","family":"Meesane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Supayang","family":"Voravuthikunchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0031-3624","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dennapa","family":"Saeloh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0264795.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2020.1785454","article-title":"Silk sericin as a biomaterial for tissue engineering: a review","volume":"70","author":"MC Arango","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Polym Mater"},{"key":"pone.0264795.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procbio.2017.06.019","article-title":"Sericin from Bombyx mori cocoons Part I: Extraction and physicochemical-biological characterization for biopharmaceutical applications","volume":"61","author":"LKH Rocha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Process Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0264795.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2008.41.3.236","article-title":"Antioxidant potential of silk protein sericin against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in skin fibroblasts.","volume":"41","author":"R Dash","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMB reports."},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264795.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2005.00200.x","article-title":"Silk sericin as a moisturizer: an in vivo study","volume":"4","author":"MN Padamwar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0264795.ref005","first-page":"537","article-title":"Silk protein, sericin, suppresses DMBA-TPA-induced mouse skin tumorigenesis by reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and endogenous tumor promoter TNF-alpha","volume":"10","author":"S Zhaorigetu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"pone.0264795.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023993400608","article-title":"Sericin, a protein derived from silkworms, accelerates the proliferation of several mammalian cell lines including a hybridoma","volume":"40","author":"S Terada","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0264795.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1163\/156856209X453006","article-title":"The effect of sericin with variable amino-acid content from different silk strains on the production of collagen and nitric oxide","volume":"20","author":"P Aramwit","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomater Sci Polym Ed"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0264795.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11052200","article-title":"The effect of sericin from various extraction methods on cell viability and collagen production","volume":"11","author":"P Aramwit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"pone.0264795.ref009","first-page":"222","article-title":"Antibacterial action of eri (Samia ricini) sericin against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.","volume":"2:","author":"W Senakoon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian J Food Agric Ind"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264795.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2020.29.Sup4.S25","article-title":"Antibiofilm activity and cytotoxicity of silk sericin against Streptococcus mutans bacteria in biofilm: an in vitro study","volume":"29","author":"P Aramwit","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Wound Care"},{"key":"pone.0264795.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.09.017","article-title":"Extraction conditions of Antheraea mylitta sericin with high yields and minimum molecular weight degradation","volume":"52","author":"H Yun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264795.ref012","first-page":"1","article-title":"The biopolymer sericin: Extraction and applications","volume":"5","author":"AR Lalit Jajpura","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Text Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264795.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2003.09.006","article-title":"Degumming of silk fabric with several proteases","volume":"106","author":"G Freddi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"key":"pone.0264795.ref014","first-page":"1","article-title":"Bioinspired design of AgNPs embedded silk sericin-based sponges for efficiently combating bacteria and promoting wound healing","volume":"180","author":"G Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater Des"},{"key":"pone.0264795.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.02.069","article-title":"Cross-linking of dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose with silk sericin to reinforce sericin film for potential biomedical application","volume":"212","author":"P Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"pone.0264795.ref016","first-page":"S0928","article-title":"Fabrication of antibacterial sericin based hydrogel as an injectable and mouldable wound dressing","volume":"119","author":"G Tao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0264795.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b00150","article-title":"Advanced silk fibroin biomaterials for cartilage regeneration.","volume":"4","author":"G Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"issue":"9","key":"pone.0264795.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202001646","article-title":"Biomimetic silk fibroin hydrogels strengthened by silica nanoparticles distributed nanofibers facilitate bone repair","volume":"10","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0264795.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.01.019","article-title":"The promotion of osseointegration of titanium surfaces by coating with silk protein sericin","volume":"34","author":"S Nayak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"16","key":"pone.0264795.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13782","DOI":"10.1021\/am503214g","article-title":"Tuning molecular weights of Bombyx mori (B. mori) silk sericin to modify its assembly structures and materials formation","volume":"6","author":"M Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0264795.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14060592","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance profile and biofilm production of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs in Thailand","volume":"14","author":"P Jantorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"pone.0264795.ref022","volume-title":"CLSI document M07-A9","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0264795.ref023","volume-title":"CLSI supplement M100","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).","year":"2020","edition":"3"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0264795.ref024","first-page":"1","article-title":"Efficacy of Thai plant extracts for antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities against pathogenic bacteria","volume":"10","author":"D Saeloh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)."},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0264795.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2010.08.015","article-title":"Formulation and characterization of silk sericin-PVA scaffold crosslinked with genipin","volume":"47","author":"P Aramwit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0264795.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0734-9750(02)00003-4","article-title":"Applications of natural silk protein sericin in biomaterials","volume":"20","author":"Y-Q Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0264795.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2008.08.002","article-title":"Natural protective glue protein, sericin bioengineered by silkworms: Potential for biomedical and biotechnological applications","volume":"33","author":"SC Kundu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Polym Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0264795.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X11404733","article-title":"Potential applications of silk sericin, a natural protein from textile industry by-products","volume":"30","author":"P Aramwit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Waste Manag Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0264795.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.10.014","article-title":"Silk sericin: a versatile material for tissue engineering and drug delivery","volume":"33","author":"L Lamboni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"key":"pone.0264795.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7461041","article-title":"Non-mulberry and mulberry silk protein sericins as potential media supplement for animal cell culture","volume":"2016","author":"N Sahu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0264795.ref031","first-page":"266","article-title":"High molecular sericin from Bombyx mori cocoons: Extraction and recovering by ultrafiltration","volume":"5","author":"ML Gimenes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Chem Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0264795.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2017.1328686","article-title":"Sericins of mulberry and non-mulberry silkworms for eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles","volume":"46","author":"W Chaisabai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol"},{"key":"pone.0264795.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.03.111","article-title":"Design and performance of sericin\/poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel as a drug delivery carrier for potential wound dressing application","volume":"101","author":"G Tao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng C"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0264795.ref034","first-page":"1","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of sericin powder extracted with deep sea water.","volume":"9","author":"SM Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"pone.0264795.ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.08.012","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of chitosan solution against Xanthomonas pathogenic bacteria isolated from Euphorbia pulcherrima","volume":"72","author":"B Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"pone.0264795.ref036","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of NaCl addition on the antibacterial effectiveness of acetic acid and its salts against pathogenic bacteria","volume":"123","author":"J-H Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0264795.ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MB-0011-2014","article-title":"Bacterial extracellular polysaccharides in biofilm formation and function","volume":"3","author":"DH Limoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0264795","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T13:56:24Z","timestamp":1646229384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0264795"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jian","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0264795","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]}}}