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To explore the characteristics of pIgR expression in Bactrian camel lungs, twelve healthy adult (2\u20137 years old) Bactrian camels were systematically studied. The results showed that pIgR was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm and membrane of ciliated cells, as well as in the cytoplasm and membrane of basal cells, serous cells of bronchial glands, club cells and alveolar type 2 cells in Bactrian camel lungs. Specially, as the bronchial branches extended, the pIgR expression level in ciliated cells significantly declined (p&lt;0.05), and the corresponding bronchial luminal areas obviously decreased (p&lt;0.05). However, pIgR was not expressed in goblet cells, endocrine cells, alveolar type 1 cells and mucous cells of bronchial glands. The results demonstrated that ciliated cells continuously distributed throughout the whole bronchial tree mucosa were the major expression sites of pIgR, and pIgR was also expressed in basal cells, serous cells of bronchial glands, club cells and alveolar type 2 cells, which would facilitate secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) transmembrane transport by pIgR and form an intact protective barrier. Moreover, the pIgR expression level in ciliated cells was positively correlated with the bronchial luminal areas; but negatively correlated with the cleanliness of airflow through the bronchial cross-sections, showing that the pIgR expression level in the bronchial epithelium was inhomogeneous. Our study provided a foundation for further exploring the regulatory functions of immunoglobulins (i.e., SIgA) after transport across the membrane by pIgR in Bactrian camel lungs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T18:36:25Z","timestamp":1646418985000},"page":"e0264815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Expression characteristics of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor in Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) lungs"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wan-hong","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wang-dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cui-cui","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-hua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2075-1544","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wen-hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0264815.ref001","first-page":"1489","article-title":"The primary structure of human free secretory component and the arrangement of disulfide bonds","volume":"365","author":"H Eiffert","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hoppe-Seyler\u2019s Zeitschrift f\u00fcr physiologische Chemie"},{"key":"pone.0264815.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/308037a0","article-title":"The receptor for transepithelial transport of IgA and IgM contains multiple immunoglobulin-like domains","volume":"308","author":"KE Mostov","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pone.0264815.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7278","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7278","article-title":"Long-Term Exposure of the HT-29 Human intestinal epithelial cell line to TNF causes sustained up-regulation of the polymeric Ig receptor and proinflammatory genes through transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms","volume":"174","author":"MEC Bruno","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"pone.0264815.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/9.3.341","article-title":"Nonspecific increased serum levels of secretory component in lung tumors: relationship to the gene expression of the transmembrane receptor form","volume":"9","author":"M Rossel","year":"1993","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology"},{"key":"pone.0264815.ref005","first-page":"G778","article-title":"Characterization of the 5\u2019-flanking region of the murine polymeric IgA receptor gene","volume":"275","author":"MG Mart\u00edn","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0264815.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G714","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00130.2003","article-title":"Role of passive and adaptive immunity in influencing enterocyte-specific gene expression. 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