{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T12:42:56Z","timestamp":1780576976569,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The study aims to verify the usefulness of new intervals-based algorithms for clinical interpretation of animal behavior in dairy cows around calving period. Thirteen activities associated with feeding-ruminating-locomotion-behaviors of 42 adult Holstein-Friesian cows were continuously monitored for the week (wk) -2, wk -1 and wk +1 relative to calving (overall 30\u2019340 min\/animal). Soon after, animals were retrospectively assigned to group-S (at least one spontaneous diseases; n = 24) and group-H (healthy; n = 18). The average activities performed by the groups, recorded by RumiWatch\u00ae halter and pedometer, were compared at the different weekly intervals. The average activities on the day of clinical diagnosis (dd0), as well as one (dd-1) and two days before (dd-2) were also assessed. Differences of dd0 vs. dd-1 (\u0394D1), dd0 vs. wk -1 (\u0394D2), and wk +1 vs. wk -1 (\u0394weeks) were calculated. Variables showing significant differences between the groups were used for a univariate logistic regression, a receiver operating characteristic analysis, and a multivariate logistic regression model. At wk +1 and dd0, <jats:italic>eating-<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ruminating-time<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>eating-<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ruminate-chews<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ruminating boluses<\/jats:italic> were significantly lower in group-S as compared to group-H, while <jats:italic>other activity time<\/jats:italic> was higher. For \u0394D2 and \u0394weeks, the differences of <jats:italic>eating-<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ruminating-time<\/jats:italic>, as well as of <jats:italic>eating-<\/jats:italic>and <jats:italic>ruminate-chews<\/jats:italic> were significantly lower in group-S as compared to group-H. Concerning the locomotion behaviors, the <jats:italic>lying time<\/jats:italic> was significantly higher in group-S vs. group-H at wk +1 and dd-2. The <jats:italic>number of strides<\/jats:italic> was significantly lower in group-S compared to group-H at wk +1. The model including <jats:italic>eating-chews<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>ruminate-chews<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>other activity time<\/jats:italic> reached the highest accuracy in detecting sick cows in wk +1 (area under the curve: 81%; sensitivity: 73.7%; specificity: 82.4%). Some of the new algorithms for the clinical interpretation of cow behaviour as described in this study may contribute to monitoring animals\u2019 health around calving.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T18:35:35Z","timestamp":1646418935000},"page":"e0264834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Assessment of feeding, ruminating and locomotion behaviors in dairy cows around calving \u2013 a retrospective clinical study to early detect spontaneous disease appearance"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9175-6679","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Fadul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"D\u2019Andrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maher","family":"Alsaaod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuliano","family":"Borriello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Di Lori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitri","family":"Stucki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5518-5378","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Paolo","family":"Ciaramella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Guccione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0264834.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75474-3","article-title":"Biology of Dairy Cows During the Transition Period: the Final Frontier?","volume":"82","author":"J. 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