{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T23:04:39Z","timestamp":1788822279552,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91739301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91739301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91849102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91849102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Natural Science Foundation Projects of Hebei Province","award":["H2019206028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H2019206028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\"><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Aortic aneurysm\/dissection (AAD) is now encountered more often because of the increasing prevalence of atherosclerosis and hypertension in the population. Despite many therapeutic improvements, in particular timely and successful surgery, in-hospital mortality rates are still higher. Timely identification of patients at high risk will help improve the overall prognosis of AAD. Since early clinical and radiological signs are nonspecific, there is an urgent need for accurate biomarkers. Smooth muscle 22\u03b1 (SM22\u03b1) is a potential marker for AAD because of its abundant expression in vascular smooth muscle, which is involved in development of AAD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec002\"><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We prepared three different mouse models, including abdominal aortic aneurysm, neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. SM22\u03b1 levels were assessed in serum and vascular tissue of the mice. Next, the relationships between serum SM22\u03b1 level and vascular lesion were studied in mice. Finally, serum from 41 patients with AAD, 107 carotid artery stenosis (CAS) patients and 40 healthy volunteers were tested for SM22\u03b1. Serum levels of SM22\u03b1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec003\"><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the controls, serum SM22\u03b1 levels were reduced in the models of aortic aneurysm, neointimal formation and atherosclerosis, and elevated in mice with ruptured aneurysm. Serum SM22\u03b1 level was negatively correlated with apoptosis rate of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), ratio of intima\/ media (I\/M) area and plaque size. Patients with AAD had significantly higher serum SM22\u03b1 levels than patients with only CAS, or normal controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"sec004\"><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serum SM22\u03b1 could be a potential predictive marker for AAD, and regulation of VSMC is a possible mechanism for the effects of SM22\u03b1.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T17:47:28Z","timestamp":1648748848000},"page":"e0264942","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessing serum levels of SM22\u03b1 as a new biomarker for patients with aortic 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