{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T01:12:05Z","timestamp":1790644325108,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although 37.5\u201351% of transgender adults state they would\u2019ve considered freezing gametes before gender-affirming therapy if offered and 24\u201325.8% of transgender adolescents express interest in having biological children, less than 5% of transgender adolescents have opted for fertility preservation. We sought to assess fertility preservation utilization in our multidisciplinary adolescent gender clinic. We also aimed to identify fertility preservation utilization and interest among non-binary adolescents and young adults. A retrospective review was conducted of patients seen in the Stanford Pediatric &amp; Adolescent Gender Clinic from October 2015 through March 2019 who were &gt;10 years of age at initial visit. All individuals with documented discussion of fertility preservation were offered referral for formal fertility preservation consultation but only 24% of patients accepted. Only 6.8% of individuals subsequently underwent fertility preservation (n = 9). Transfeminine adolescents are more likely to pursue fertility preservation than transmasculine adolescents (p = 0.01). The rate of fertility preservation in non-binary adolescents did not significantly differ from those in transfeminine adolescents (p = 1.00) or transmasculine adolescents (p = 0.31). Although only one non-binary individual underwent fertility preservation, several more expressed interest with 36% accepting referral (n = 4) and 27% being seen in consultation (n = 3). Despite offering fertility preservation with designated members of a gender clinic team, utilization remains low in transgender adolescents. Additionally, non-binary adolescents and their families are interested in fertility preservation and referrals should be offered to these individuals. Further studies and advocacy are required to continue to address fertility needs of transgender adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]],"date-time":"2022-03-11T18:23:00Z","timestamp":1647022980000},"page":"e0265043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Fertility preservation in transgender and non-binary adolescents and young adults"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3951-8686","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Holly C.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tandy","family":"Aye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0265043.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3869","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01658","article-title":"Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric\/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline","volume":"102","author":"WC Hembree","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0265043.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e126","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20140522-07","article-title":"Understanding gender variance in children and adolescents","volume":"43","author":"LK Simons","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0265043.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/15532739.2011.700873","article-title":"Standards of Care for the Health of Transsexual, Transgender, and Gender-Nonconforming People, Version 7","volume":"13","author":"E Coleman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Transgenderism"},{"key":"pone.0265043.ref004","volume-title":"Age of individuals who identify as transgender in the United States","author":"AR Flores","year":"2017"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0265043.ref005","article-title":"Ensuring Comprehensive Care and Support for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Children and Adolescents","volume":"142","author":"Health C on PA of C and F, Adolescence CO, Section on Lesbian G","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0265043.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2020.01.007","article-title":"Fertility Counseling for Transgender Adolescents: A Review","volume":"66","author":"TC Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0265043.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.1991.tb00235.x","article-title":"Ovarian morphology in long-term androgen-treated female to male transsexuals. 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