{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:51:32Z","timestamp":1790790692782,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Aging","award":["R01AG048642, RF1AG054548, and R21AG056952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG048642, RF1AG054548, and R21AG056952"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R21HL140437, R01HL098297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21HL140437, R01HL098297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Aging","award":["P30AG59299"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG59299"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-philip glass beck HC65233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-philip glass beck HC65233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC65234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC65234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC65235"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC65235"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC65236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC65236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N01-HC65237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N01-HC65237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identifying Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) phenotypes among middle-aged and older Hispanics\/Latinos can facilitate personalized care, better inform treatment decisions, and could lead to improved clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We focused on middle-aged and older adults (ages \u226545\u201374 years at baseline) with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) \u22655 from the HCHS\/SOL (2008\u20132011) (unweighted n = 3,545). We used latent class analyses (LCA) to identify empirical and clinically meaningful OSA phenotypes. Sleep variables included AHI, percent sleep time SpO2&lt;90%, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Women\u2019s Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS) score, self-reported average sleep duration, restless legs symptoms, napping frequency, and self-reported sleep quality. We used survey logistic and Poisson regression to test the associations between our OSA phenotypes and prevalent and incident cardiovascular measures (cardiovascular disease, heart failure, Stroke\/TIA, hypertension, diabetes, and the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Average AHI, ESS, WHIIRS, and sleep duration were 18.1\u00b119.5, 6.3\u00b16.1, 7.4\u00b16.6, and 7.8\u00b11.7 hours, respectively, and 2.9% had zero percent time SpO2 &lt;90%. We identified a three-class solution that clustered individuals into (1)\n                      <jats:italic>insomnia OSA<\/jats:italic>\n                      (44.3%), (2)\n                      <jats:italic>asymptomatic mild OSA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , (36.2%) and (3)\n                      <jats:italic>symptomatic OSA<\/jats:italic>\n                      (19.5%). Elevated WHIIRS and AHI scores primarily drove classification into groups one and three, respectively. In covariate adjusted models, OSA phenotypes were differentially associated with prevalence (baseline and seven years later) and incidence of cardiovascular measures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OSA subtypes in diverse U.S. Hispanic\/Latino adults have different cardiovascular complications. More targeted research, that takes these variations into account, could help ameliorate Hispanic\/Latino sleep and cardiovascular health disparities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T13:24:26Z","timestamp":1649078666000},"page":"e0265151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cardiovascular correlates of sleep apnea phenotypes: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos (HCHS\/SOL)"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Benson","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wassim","family":"Tarraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas M.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariana M.","family":"Stickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Schneiderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Redline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda C.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmin","family":"Mossavar-Rahmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha L.","family":"Daviglus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis C.","family":"Zee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Talavera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Sotres-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector M.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9861-6609","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alberto","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"pone.0265151.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6915e3","article-title":"Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019\u2014COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1\u201330, 2020","volume":"69","author":"S Garg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Morbidity and mortality weekly report"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0265151.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6034","article-title":"Health Care Savings: The Economic Value of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Care for Obstructive Sleep Apnea","volume":"12","author":"NF Watson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"pone.0265151.ref003","volume-title":"Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation: an unmet public health problem","author":"BM Altevogt","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0265151.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03901.x","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness predicts mortality and cardiovascular disease in older adults. 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