{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T13:38:26Z","timestamp":1787578706411,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"DELTAS Africa Initiative","award":["Afrique One-ASPIRE \/DEL-15-008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Afrique One-ASPIRE \/DEL-15-008"]}]},{"name":"African Academy of Sciences (AAS) Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa"},{"name":"the New Partnership for Africa\u2019s Development Planning and Coordinating (NEPAD) Agency"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["107753\/A\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["107753\/A\/15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013986","name":"UK government","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013986","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>While most Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are saprophytic, several species have been associated with human diseases, from localized infection to disseminated diseases. Pulmonary NTM infections lead to TB-like disease called NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). Due to variation in treatment options among NTM species, it is necessary to identify the species and determine drug susceptibility profiles to inform the choice of appropriate regimen for the disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 188 culture-positive isolates from patients diagnosed with TB were screened for NTM at the Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory. All NTM were further speciated using GenoType\u00ae Mycobacterium\u2014Common Mycobacterium and Additional species (GenoType\u00ae CM\/AS) kit. <jats:italic>Mycobacteria avium<\/jats:italic> complex (MAC) and <jats:italic>Mycobacteria abscessus<\/jats:italic> complex (MABC) which could not be identified with the test to species were subjected to GenoType\u00ae Mycobacteria NTM-DR for further speciation. Using the same test, identified MAC and MABC were genotyped to determine the drug susceptibility profile for each isolate to macrolide and aminoglycosides.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of all isolates identified as mycobacteria, 24 (13%) were NTM. Fifteen isolates could be identified to species level of which prevalent species was <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>avium<\/jats:italic> sub. <jats:italic>intracellulare<\/jats:italic> 4 (27%). A total of 10 isolates were MAC (n = 6) and MABC (n = 4) were subjected to GenoType\u00ae Mycobacteria NTM-DR for determination of macrolide and aminoglycoside susceptibility. Three of the four MABC had a mutation at the T28 position of the <jats:italic>erm (41)<\/jats:italic>. All MAC were susceptible to both drugs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this study, MAC was the most frequently isolated NTM species followed by MABC. While all MAC and MABC identified, were susceptible to aminoglycosides, three MABC were resistant to the macrolides due to mutation at position 28 of the <jats:italic>erm (41)<\/jats:italic> gene. For this, it is important for clinicians need to rule out NTM, understand species and their drug susceptibility for optimal case management.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T21:47:18Z","timestamp":1648158438000},"page":"e0265358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Drug susceptibility profiles and factors associated with non-tuberculous mycobacteria species circulating among patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis in Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0654-8088","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Togolani Godfrey","family":"Maya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erick Vitus","family":"Komba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6499-5946","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gloria Ivy","family":"Mensah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Masunga","family":"Mbelele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella George","family":"Mpagama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayoki Godfrey","family":"Mfinanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kennedy Kwasi","family":"Addo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudovick Reuben","family":"Kazwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0265358.ref001","first-page":"74","volume-title":"Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.","author":"YJ Ryu","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0265358.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1703.101164","article-title":"Distinguishing tuberculosis from nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease, Oregon, USA","volume":"17","author":"BA Kendall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0265358.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1333569","article-title":"Diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections","volume":"34","author":"J. van Ingen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0265358.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5607","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004332","article-title":"List of prokaryotic names with standing in nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ.","volume":"70","author":"AC Parte","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology"},{"key":"pone.0265358.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02029","article-title":"Global environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria and their contemporaneous man-made and natural niches","volume":"9","author":"JR Honda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0265358.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","article-title":"An official ATS\/IDSA statement: Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases","volume":"175","author":"DE Griffith","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0265358.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.10.001","article-title":"Pathogenesis and risk factors for nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease","volume":"36","author":"JR Honda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinics in Chest Medicine. 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