{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T20:53:55Z","timestamp":1789851235829,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Owing to extraordinary healing power,\n                      <jats:italic>Terminalia<\/jats:italic>\n                      species have been used in traditional medicine systems to treat various diseases. Many folklore uses of\n                      <jats:italic>Terminalia neotaliala<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Madagascar\u2019s almond) included treating arterial hypertension, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, colic, oral and digestive candidiasis, intestinal parasitic infections, inflammatory skin conditions, postpartum care, and mycotic infections but nevertheless scientifically explored for its medicinal and pharmacological importance. Therefore, the current study intended to prepare methanolic extract and its fractionation with hexane, chloroform, and butanol followed by evaluation of their polyphenolic content, biological activities, and LCMS analysis. The biological study included antioxidant activity and enzyme inhibition assay i.e., \u03b1-glucosidase and urease. The insight study of biologically active secondary metabolites of butanol fraction (BUAE) was performed through LCMS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of hydroalcoholic and its fractions were estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride method. The total tannin content (TTC) was determined using the Folin-Denis spectrophotometric method. Similarly, the antioxidant potential of HAAE, HEAE, CFAE, and BUAE was determined using four methods as DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The sample extracts were also evaluated against two clinically important enzymes i.e., \u03b1-glucosidase and urease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The BUAE (butanol aerial fraction) showed the highest TPC (234.79 \u00b1 0.12 mg.GAE.g\n                      <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                      DE), TFC (320.75 \u00b1 12.50 mg.QE.g\n                      <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                      DE), and TTC (143.36 \u00b1 4.32 mg.TA.Eq.g\n                      <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                      DE). The BUAE also showed the highest scavenging potential determined by DPPH (642.65 \u00b1 1.11 mg.TEq.g\n                      <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                      DE) and ABTS (543.17 \u00b1 1.11 mg.TEq.g\n                      <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                      DE), and the metal-reducing capacity determined by CUPRAC (1510.41 \u00b1 4.45 mg.TEq.g\n                      <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                      DE) and FRAP (739.81 \u00b1 19.32 mg.TEq.g\n                      <jats:sup>-1<\/jats:sup>\n                      DE). The LCMS of BUAE identified 18 different biologically active phytoconstituents validating a rich source of hydrolyzable tannins including ellagitannins and gallitannins.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The present study concluded that\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>neotaliala<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a rich source of polyphenols capable of neutralizing the damage caused by free radical accumulation in the cells and tissues. The significant antioxidant results and identification of high molecular weight hydrolyzable tannins enlightened the medicinal importance of\n                      <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>neotaliala<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T13:44:57Z","timestamp":1648734297000},"page":"e0266094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Profiling of phytochemicals from aerial parts of Terminalia neotaliala using LC-ESI-MS2 and determination of antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Nadeem","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5777-6112","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Imran","family":"Tousif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0925-466X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Imtiaz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huma","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Basit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0266094.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802104-0.00002-0","volume-title":"Pharmacognosy","author":"C.-T. 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