{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:17:10Z","timestamp":1747196230891,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Study objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Facemask use is associated with reduced transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Most surveys assessing perceptions and practices of mask use miss the most vulnerable racial, ethnic, and socio-economic populations. These same populations have suffered disproportionate impacts from the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to assess beliefs, access, and practices of mask wearing across 15 urban emergency department (ED) populations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study of ED patients from December 2020 to March 2021 at 15 geographically diverse, safety net EDs across the US. The primary outcome was frequency of mask use outside the home and around others. Other outcome measures included having enough masks and difficulty obtaining them.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of 2,575 patients approached, 2,301 (89%) agreed to participate; nine had missing data pertaining to the primary outcome, leaving 2,292 included in the final analysis. A total of 79% of respondents reported wearing masks \u201call of the time\u201d and 96% reported wearing masks over half the time. Subjects with PCPs were more likely to report wearing masks over half the time compared to those without PCPs (97% vs 92%). Individuals experiencing homelessness were less likely to wear a mask over half the time compared to those who were housed (81% vs 96%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Study participants reported high rates of facemask use. Respondents who did not have PCPs and those who were homeless were less likely to report wearing a mask over half the time and more likely to report barriers in obtaining masks. The ED may serve a critical role in education regarding, and provision of, masks for vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T17:46:12Z","timestamp":1649871972000},"page":"e0266148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Facemasks: Perceptions and use in an ED population during COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3339-6967","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vidya","family":"Eswaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Marie","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. Gentry","family":"Wilkerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelli N.","family":"O\u2019Laughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Chinnock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Eucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigitte M.","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Anaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrianne N.","family":"Haggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus R.","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik S.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5575-7914","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martina T.","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali S.","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The REVVED-UP Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0266148.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-6625","article-title":"Masks and Face Coverings for the Lay Public: A Narrative Update","volume":"174","author":"T Czypionka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref002","unstructured":"Surgeon General Urges the Public to Stop Buying Face Masks\u2014The New York Times. New York Times 2020. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/02\/29\/health\/coronavirus-n95-face-masks.html (accessed November 15, 2021)."},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2020.00818","article-title":"Community use of face masks and COVID-19: Evidence from a natural experiment of state mandates in the US","volume":"39","author":"W Lyu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e148","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(20)30293-4","article-title":"Mask-wearing and control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the USA: a cross-sectional study","volume":"3","author":"B Rader","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Heal"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.26443","article-title":"Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities Related to COVID-19","volume":"325","author":"L Lopez","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"article-title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19-Related Infections, Hospitalizations, and Deaths A Systematic Review Background: Data suggest that the effects of coronavirus dis","year":"2020","author":"K Mackey","key":"pone.0266148.ref006"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2020009951","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-009951","article-title":"Racial and\/or Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Chidlren","volume":"146","author":"MK Goyal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref008","first-page":"8","article-title":"Elevated Mortality Among People Experiencing Homelessness With COVID-19.","author":"KM Leifheit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref009","first-page":"2069","article-title":"Emergency Care: Then, Now, And Next.","volume":"32","author":"AL Kellermann","year":"2013"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1177\/1077558711420263","article-title":"Residential segregation and disparities in health care services utilization","volume":"69","author":"DJ Gaskin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Care Res Rev"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0246317","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0246317","article-title":"Negative attitudes about facemasks during the COVID-19 pandemic: The dual importance of perceived ineffectiveness and psychological reactance","volume":"16","author":"S Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2021.05.026","article-title":"The Rapid Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccination in Emergency Departments for Underserved Patients Study","volume":"78","author":"RM Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"61","author":"E von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref014","unstructured":"KFF COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor: December 2020 | KFF n.d. https:\/\/www.kff.org\/coronavirus-covid-19\/report\/kff-covid-19-vaccine-monitor-december-2020\/ (accessed December 29, 2021)."},{"article-title":"Vast Majority of Americans Support Wearing Masks, But a Deeper Look at Behavior Reveals Troubling Lack of Adherence\u2013USC Schaeffer. Evid Base Informing Policy Heal Econ Well-Being","year":"2020","author":"J Darling","key":"pone.0266148.ref015"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref016","article-title":"More Americans now say they regularly wear masks in stores, businesses","author":"S. Kramer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pew Research Center"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref017","article-title":"Finding coronavirus masks isn\u2019t easy for homeless residents\u2014Los Angeles Times","author":"EA Reyes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Los Angeles Times"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref018","first-page":"21","article-title":"Homelessness during COVID-19: challenges, responses, and lessons learned from homeless service providers in Tippecanoe County, Indiana","author":"NM Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.0286","article-title":"Change in Reported Adherence to Nonpharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic, April-November 2020","volume":"325","author":"MA Crane","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref020","article-title":"Mask mandates are back in New York and California but not in most other states: Shots\u2014Health News: NPR","author":"S. SImmons-Duffin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Shots Heal News from NPR"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref021","first-page":"15","article-title":"Who is wearing a mask? Gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic","author":"MH Haischer","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref022","first-page":"21","article-title":"US trends in mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic depend on rurality","author":"G Pro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rural Remote Health"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref023","first-page":"149","article-title":"QuickStats: Rate of Emergency Department (ED) Visits, by Homeless Status and Geographic Region\u2014National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, United States, 2015\u20132018","volume":"69","author":"SM Schappert","year":"2020","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"pone.0266148.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2019.08.432","article-title":"Principles of Social Emergency Medicine","volume":"74","author":"J Fahimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0266148","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T17:46:36Z","timestamp":1649871996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0266148"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Baratta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0266148","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]]}}}