{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T15:35:13Z","timestamp":1781278513689,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661299200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fetal macrosomia is associated with perinatal injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between fetal insulin, insulin-like Growth factor-1(IGF-1), and macrosomia in a resource-limited setting.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This was a case-control study at tertiary and secondary health facilities in Lagos, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty mother-neonate pairs were recruited, and their socio-demographic and obstetric history was recorded. Fetal cord venous blood was collected at birth, and neonatal anthropometry was measured within 24hrs of life. Insulin and IGF-1 assay were measured with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Pearson\u2019s Chi-square was used to assess the association between categorical variables and macrosomia. Spearman\u2019s rank correlation of insulin, IGF-1, and fetal anthropometry was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of insulin and IGF-1 with fetal birth weight. A statistically significant level was set at P-value &lt; 0.05.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Macrosomic neonates had mean fetal weight, fetal length, and occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) of 4.15\u00b10.26kg, 50.85\u00b12.09cm and 36.35\u00b1 1.22cm respectively. The median Insulin (P = 0.023) and IGF-1 (P &lt; 0.0001) were significantly higher among macrosomic neonates as compared to normal weight babies. Maternal BMI at birth (p = 0.003), neonate\u2019s gender (p &lt; 0.001), fetal cord serum IGF-1 (p &lt; 0.001) and insulin assay (P-value = 0.027) were significant predictors of fetal macrosomia. There was positive correlation between cord blood IGF-1 and birth weight (r = 0.47, P-value &lt; 0.001), fetal length (r = 0.30, P-value = 0.0002) and OFC (r = 0.37, P-value &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among participating mother-neonate dyad, maternal BMI at birth, neonate\u2019s gender, and fetal cord serum IGF-1 and serum insulin are significantly associated with fetal macrosomia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T17:35:56Z","timestamp":1661362556000},"page":"e0266314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Fetal macrosomia, fetal insulin, and insulin-like growth factor- 1 among neonates in Lagos, Nigeria: A case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Olukayode O.","family":"Akinmola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2381-873X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Babasola O.","family":"Okusanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6634-8550","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gbenga","family":"Olorunfemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry C.","family":"Okpara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine 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