{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T20:54:24Z","timestamp":1770238464696,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003748","name":"Svenska S\u00e4llskapet f\u00f6r Medicinsk Forskning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Dnr 2019-02081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dnr 2019-02081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Covid-19 can cause chronic hypoxic respiratory failure, but the impact on the need for long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) is unknown. The aim was to investigate change in incidence and characteristics of patients starting LTOT in Sweden 2020 after the outbreak of the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Population-based observational study using data from the National Registry for Respiratory Failure (Swedevox) and from a survey to all centres prescribing LTOT in Sweden. Swedevox data provided information on incidence of LTOT and characteristics of patients starting LTOT during 2015\u20132020.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Between March-Dec 2020, 131 patients started LTOT due to covid-19, corresponding to 20.5% of incident LTOT in Sweden. Compared with 2015\u201319, the total number of patients starting LTOT did not increase. No significant differences in patient characteristics or underlying causes of hypoxemia were found between patients starting LTOT during 2020 compared 2015\u20132019. The majority of the LTOT centres estimated that, since the start of the pandemic, the incidence of LTOT was unchanged and the time devoted for LTOT work was the same or slightly less.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Covid-19 caused one fifth of all LTOT starts during the pandemic in 2020. The LTOT incidence overall did not increase possibly due to reduction in other infections.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T17:33:16Z","timestamp":1649439196000},"page":"e0266367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of covid-19 on long-term oxygen therapy 2020: A nationwide study in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1926-8464","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Josefin","family":"Sundh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Palm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josefin","family":"Wahlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Runold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Ekstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0266367.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. https:\/\/www.who.int\/. Date last accessed: May 27 2021."},{"key":"pone.0266367.ref002","unstructured":"Public health agency of Sweden. Statistik och analyser om covid-19 inklusive vaccinationer\u2014Folkh\u00e4lsomyndigheten (folkhalsomyndigheten.se) Date last accessed: May 27 2021."},{"key":"pone.0266367.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30316-7","article-title":"Case characteristics, resource use, and outcomes of 10\u2008021 patients with COVID-19 admitted to 920 German hospitals: an observational study","volume":"8","author":"C Karagiannidis","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Respiratory medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0266367.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30459-8","article-title":"Ventilation management and clinical outcomes in invasively ventilated patients with COVID-19 (PRoVENT-COVID): a national, multicentre, observational cohort study","volume":"9","author":"M Botta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0266367.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30560-9","article-title":"Characterisation of the first 250\u2008000 hospital admissions for COVID-19 in Brazil: a retrospective analysis of nationwide data","volume":"9","author":"OT Ranzani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"pone.0266367.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2020.3596","article-title":"Factors Associated With Death in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the US.","volume":"180","author":"S Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"pone.0266367.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30366-2","article-title":"Progressive respiratory failure in COVID-19: a hypothesis","volume":"20","author":"H Endeman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0266367.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2036142","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.36142","article-title":"Respiratory and Psychophysical Sequelae Among Patients With COVID-19 Four Months After Hospital Discharge","volume":"4","author":"M Bellan","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"pone.0266367.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106394","article-title":"Impaired diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide is common in critically ill Covid-19 patients at four months post-discharge","volume":"182","author":"\u00d6 Emilsson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Med."},{"key":"pone.0266367.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32656-8","article-title":"6-month consequences of COVID-19 in patients discharged from hospital: a cohort study","volume":"397","author":"C Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"pone.0266367.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-021-01625-y","article-title":"Post-discharge critical COVID-19 lung function related to severity of radiologic lung involvement at admission","volume":"22","author":"L Truffaut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"pone.0266367.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2021.109676","article-title":"Post-discharge chest CT findings and pulmonary function tests in severe COVID-19 patients","volume":"138","author":"M Balbi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol."},{"key":"pone.0266367.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2021.106709","article-title":"Severity of respiratory failure and computed chest tomography in acute COVID-19 correlates with pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms after infection with SARS-CoV-2: An observational longitudinal study over 12 months","volume":"191","author":"F Steinbeis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Respir Med."},{"key":"pone.0266367.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3159","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S140264","article-title":"A nationwide structure for valid long-term oxygen therapy: 29-year prospective data in Sweden","volume":"12","author":"M Ekstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Chron Obstruct Pulm Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0266367.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-93-3-391","article-title":"Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial Group","volume":"93","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8222","key":"pone.0266367.ref016","first-page":"681","article-title":"Long term domiciliary oxygen therapy in chronic hypoxic cor pulmonale complicating chronic bronchitis and emphysema Report of the Medical Research Council Working Party","volume":"1","year":"1981","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)."},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0266367.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-198212000-00014","article-title":"Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group","volume":"5","author":"MM Oken","year":"1982","journal-title":"American journal of clinical oncology"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0266367.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2018.05.002","article-title":"Validation of the Dyspnoea Exertion Scale of Breathlessness in People With Life-Limiting Illness.","volume":"56","author":"J Sandberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0266367.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00340-2020","article-title":"Validation of the Swedevox registry of continuous positive airway pressure, long-term mechanical ventilator and long-term oxygen therapy","volume":"7","author":"M Ekstr\u00f6m","year":"2021","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"pone.0266367.ref020","first-page":"i1","article-title":"British Thoracic Society Home Oxygen Guideline Development Group; British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee British Thoracic Society guidelines for home oxygen use in adults","volume":"70","author":"M Hardinge","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0266367.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0255659","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255659","article-title":"Reduction in hospitalised COPD exacerbations during COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"SA Jaber","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0266367.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948211000813","article-title":"Admissions to Norwegian Hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.","volume":"49","author":"J Helgeland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health."},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0266367.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjqs-2020-012144","article-title":"Nationwide study on trends in unplanned hospital attendance and deaths during the 7 weeks after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark","volume":"30","author":"SB Bogh","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Qual Saf"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0266367","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T17:33:37Z","timestamp":1649439217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0266367"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Manlio","family":"Milanese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0266367","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]}}}