{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T14:29:10Z","timestamp":1793197750088,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004956","name":"Minnesota Department of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Contract Number 183558"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Contract Number 183558"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The University of Minnesota Office of the Vice President for Research, the Minnesota Population Center","award":["Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Population Research Infrastructure Program P2C HD041023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Population Research Infrastructure Program P2C HD041023"]}]},{"name":"The University of Minnesota\u2019s NIH Clinical and Translational Science Award","award":["UL1TR002494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002494"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI05543315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI05543315"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Monitoring COVID-19 infection risk among health care workers (HCWs) is a public health priority. We examined the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among HCWs following the fall infection surge in Minnesota, and before and after COVID-19 vaccination. Additionally, we assessed demographic and occupational risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted two rounds of seroprevalence testing among a cohort of HCWs: samples in round 1 were collected from 11\/22\/20\u201302\/21\/21 and in round 2 from 12\/18\/20\u201302\/15\/21. Demographic and occupational exposures assessed with logistic regression were age, sex, healthcare role and setting, and number of children in the household. The primary outcome was SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity. A secondary outcome, SARS-CoV-2 infection, included both seropositivity and self-reported SARS-CoV-2 test positivity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 459 HCWs were tested. 43\/454 (9.47%) had a seropositive sample 1 and 75\/423 (17.7%) had a seropositive sample 2. By time of sample 2 collection, 54% of participants had received at least one vaccine dose and seroprevalence was 13% among unvaccinated individuals. Relative to physicians, the odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection in other roles were increased (Nurse Practitioner: OR[95%CI] 1.93[0.57,6.53], Physician\u2019s Assistant: 1.69[0.38,7.52], Nurse: 2.33[0.94,5.78], Paramedic\/EMTs: 3.86[0.78,19.0], other: 1.68[0.58,4.85]). The workplace setting was associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.04). SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among HCWs reporting duties in the ICU vs. those working in an ambulatory clinic was elevated: OR[95%CI] 2.17[1.01,4.68].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in HCW increased during our study period which was consistent with community infection rates. HCW role and setting\u2014particularly working in the ICU\u2014is associated with higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T13:29:16Z","timestamp":1650893356000},"page":"e0266410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among healthcare workers"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Talia D.","family":"Wiggen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8961-6968","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruno","family":"Bohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela K.","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Stovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali J.","family":"Strickland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna 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