{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:27:05Z","timestamp":1787934425592,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Support Project of Guizhou Province","award":["Qian Ke He Support [2020]4Y143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qian Ke He Support [2020]4Y143"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Foundation Planning Project of Guizhou Province","award":["Qian Ke He Basis [2017]1094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Qian Ke He Basis [2017]1094"]}]},{"name":"Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Talent Base Scientific Research Team Project of Guizhou Province","award":["RCJD2104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RCJD2104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>serovar 4,[5],12:i:-, a monophasic variant of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>Typhimurium lacking the phase 2 flagellin, is one of the common serotypes causing<jats:italic>Salmonellosis<\/jats:italic>worldwide. However, information on<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>serovar 4,[5],12:i:- from Guizhou Province has lacked so far. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance, the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes, and characterize the MLST genotypes of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>serovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates from Guizhou province, China. We collected 363 non-typhoid<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>(NTS) isolates of Guizhou from 2013 to 2018. Biochemical identification, serogroups testing, and specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay were conducted to identify<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>4,[5],12:i:- isolates. Isolates were determined the antimicrobial resistance by the micro broth dilution method, detected the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes by PCR, and examined the molecular genotyping by Multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Eighty-seven<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>4,[5],12:i:- isolates were detected, accounting for 23.9% (87\/363) of the total NTS isolates. All<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>4,[5],12:i:- isolates showed highly resistant to sulfaoxazole (93.1%), streptomycin (90.8%), ampicillin (88.5%), tetracycline (86.2%) and doxycycline (86.2%). A high proportion (94.2%) of multi-drug resistance (MDR) isolates were found. Most (83.9%)<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>4,[5],12:i:- isolates carried four antimicrobial resistance genes, especially<jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>TEM-1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>,<jats:italic>strA-strB<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>sul2<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>tetB<\/jats:italic>genes.<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>4,[5],12:i:- isolates showed a high rate of<jats:italic>invA<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>sseL<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>mgtC<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>siiE<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>sopB<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>gipA<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>gtgB<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>sspH1<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>sspH2<\/jats:italic>(72.4%~98.9%). On the contrary, none of the isolates were detected the<jats:italic>spvC<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>pefA<\/jats:italic>genes. MLST analysis revealed three sequence types (STs), and ST34 (97.7%) was the dominant sequence type. This study is the first report of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>4,[5],12:i:- in humans from Guizhou province, China. The data might be useful for rational antimicrobial usage against<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>4,[5],12:i:- infections, risk management, and public health strategies in Guizhou.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T17:47:36Z","timestamp":1652982456000},"page":"e0266443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Highly prevalent MDR, frequently carrying virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- isolates from Guizhou Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lv","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guihuan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9948-664X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0266443.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1086\/650733","article-title":"The 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