{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:24:13Z","timestamp":1790364253492,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Alcohol use has been linked to impairment of cognitive and psychomotor driving skills, yet the extent to which skill impairment contributes to actual crashes is unknown. A reasonable assumption is that some driving situations have higher skill demands than others. We contend that intersections, the presence of other vehicles or moving objects, and work zones are examples of common situations with higher skill demands. Accordingly, if skill deficits are largely responsible for alcohol-involved crashes, crashes involving a drinking driver (versus only sober drivers) should be overrepresented in these driving situations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Publicly available FARS data from 2010 to 2017 were collected. Fatal crashes were coded as alcohol-involved (1+ driver with a blood alcohol concentration [BAC] \u2265 .05 g\/dl) or having no impaired driver (BACs = .000). Drug-positive crashes were excluded. Crashes were also coded as involving moving versus stationary objects, occurring <jats:italic>at<\/jats:italic> versus <jats:italic>away<\/jats:italic> from intersections, being multivehicle versus single vehicle, occurring <jats:italic>at<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>away<\/jats:italic> from work zones.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Across multiple models, controlling for time of day and type of road, alcohol-involved crashes were significantly <jats:italic>underrepresented<\/jats:italic> in crashes at intersections, with moving objects, and other vehicles. Most strikingly, alcohol-involved crashes were 24 percentage points more likely to be with a stationary object than a moving object.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>No evidence supported the idea that skill reductions are a primary contributor to alcohol-involved crashes. Alternative explanations and limitations are discussed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T17:23:09Z","timestamp":1650475389000},"page":"e0266459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The prevalence of alcohol-involved crashes across high and low complexity road environments: Does knowing where drinking drivers crash help explain why they crash?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4515-4607","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mark B.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0266459.ref001","author":"University","year":"1964"},{"key":"pone.0266459.ref002","first-page":"222","volume-title":"Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety; August 13\u201318","author":"H Kr\u00fcger","year":"1995"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0266459.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2000.61.387","article-title":"Alcohol-related relative risk of driver fatalities and driver involvement in fatal crashes in relation to driver age and gender: An update using 1996 data","volume":"61","author":"PL Zador","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"pone.0266459.ref004","volume-title":"Crash risk of alcohol involved driving: A case-control study.","author":"RD Blomberg","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0266459.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2014.75.56","article-title":"Drugs and alcohol: Their relative crash risk","volume":"75","author":"E Romano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"pone.0266459.ref006","volume-title":"Drug and alcohol crash risk: A case-control study.","author":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0266459.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2016.01.001","article-title":"The sensitivity of laboratory tests assessing driving related skills to dose-related impairment of alcohol: A literature review","volume":"89","author":"S Jongen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"pone.0266459.ref008","author":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","year":"2000"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0266459.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0185909","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185909","article-title":"Driving simulator scenarios and measures to faithfully evaluate risky driving behavior: A comparative study of different driver age groups","volume":"12","author":"J Michaels","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0266459.ref010","article-title":"Structural equation modeling of drivers\u2019 situation awareness considering road and driver factors","volume":"11","author":"Y Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0266459.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130701318707","article-title":"Visual attention and the transition from novice to advanced driver","volume":"50","author":"G. 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