{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T01:34:31Z","timestamp":1775698471912,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"japan society for the promotion of science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K11643"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K11643"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We examined the effects of aging and exercise habits on the ocular blood flow (OBF) and its profiles throughout the optic nerve head region and choroidal area. We hypothesized that exercise habits reduce the stiffness of vessels in the ocular circulation, which generally increases with aging.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Participants in a medical checkup program (698 males and 192 females aged 28 to 80 years) were categorized into 2 groups (with and without exercise habits) based on participant self-reporting and the definition of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan (MHLW). OBF in the right eye was measured and analyzed using laser speckle flowgraphy. The blowout time (BOT), which is the time during which the blood flow is higher than half of the mean of the minimum and maximum signals during one heartbeat, was calculated as an index of the blood flow profile. BOT has been used as an indicator of the flexibility of blood vessels.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>BOT significantly decreased with aging. Neither the self-reported nor MHLW-based exercise habits significantly affected the ocular circulation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results indicate that the stiffness of the ocular vessels increases with aging, and this cannot be prevented by exercise habits.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266684","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T17:41:31Z","timestamp":1649958091000},"page":"e0266684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of aging and exercise habits on blood flow profile of the ocular circulation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chihyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tatsuhiko","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoaki","family":"Shiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9814-3530","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0266684.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12463","DOI":"10.1111\/micc.12463","article-title":"Aging- and vascular-related pathologies","volume":"26","author":"SW Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microcirculation"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0266684.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.098202","article-title":"Self-reported age-related eye diseases and visual impairment in the United States: results of the 2002 National Health Interview Survey","volume":"98","author":"A Ryskulova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0266684.ref003","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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