{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:19:22Z","timestamp":1790770762213,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004890","name":"Wageningen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2100710609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2100710609"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>For effective sampling of mosquitoes in malaria surveillance programmes, it is essential to include attractive cues in traps. With the aim of implementing a citizen science project on malaria vectors in rural Rwanda, a handmade plastic bottle trap was designed and tested in the field to determine its effectiveness in capturing adult<jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>sensu lato, the main malaria vector, and other mosquito species. Carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and light were used as attractive cues. CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>was produced by inoculating sugar with yeast and water. Light was emitted from a torch by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Under field conditions in rural Rwanda, three handmade trap designs were compared to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light traps (CDC-LT) in houses. The trap baited with yeast produced CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>and light caught the highest number of mosquitoes compared to the traps baited with light alone or CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>alone. The number of<jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>gambiae<\/jats:italic>s.l. in the handmade trap with light and CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>was approximately 9\u201310% of the number caught with a CDC light trap. This suggests that about 10 volunteers with a handmade trap could capture a similar-sized sample of<jats:italic>An<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>gambiae<\/jats:italic>as one CDC-LT would collect. Based on these findings, the handmade plastic bottle trap baited with sugar fermenting yeast and light represents an option for inclusion in mosquito surveillance activities in a citizen science context.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]],"date-time":"2022-05-11T18:37:04Z","timestamp":1652294224000},"page":"e0266714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A handmade trap for malaria mosquito surveillance by citizens in Rwanda"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Marilyn M.","family":"Murindahabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1976-0726","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Willem","family":"Takken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Hakizimana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9426-3511","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arnold J. 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