{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:44:32Z","timestamp":1777466672646,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC11300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC11300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC11300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC11300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC013323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC013323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000055","name":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DC013323"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DC013323"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Investigations of neuromuscular control of voice production have primarily focused on the roles of muscle activation levels, posture, and stiffness at phonation onset. However, little work has been done investigating the stability of the phonation process in regards to spontaneous changes in vibratory mode of vocal fold oscillation as a function of neuromuscular activation. We evaluated 320 phonatory conditions representing combinations of superior and recurrent laryngeal nerve (SLN and RLN) activations in an <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> canine model of phonation. At each combination of neuromuscular input, airflow was increased linearly to reach phonation onset and beyond from 300 to 1400 mL\/s. High-speed video and acoustic data were recorded during phonation, and spectrograms and glottal-area-based parameters were calculated. Vibratory mode changes were detected based on sudden increases or drops of local fundamental frequency. Mode changes occurred only when SLNs were concurrently stimulated and were more frequent for higher, less asymmetric RLN stimulation. A slight increase in amplitude and cycle length perturbation usually preceded the changes in the vibratory mode. However, no inherent differences between signals with mode changes and signals without were found.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T17:31:08Z","timestamp":1649957468000},"page":"e0266910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analysis of vibratory mode changes in symmetric and asymmetric activation of the canine larynx"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2578-8327","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrick","family":"Schlegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinesh K.","family":"Chhetri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0266910.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2174\/157489311796904637","article-title":"In vitro experimental investigation of voice production","volume":"6","author":"S Kniesburges","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current bioinformatics"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-011212-140636","article-title":"Fluid Dynamics of Human Phonation and Speech","volume":"45","author":"R Mittal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2174\/157489311796904655","article-title":"Mathematical Models and Numerical Schemes for the Simulation of Human Phonation.","volume":"6","author":"F Alipour","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Bioinformatics"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03506-x","article-title":"Mechanisms of larynx and vocal fold development and pathogenesis","volume":"77","author":"V Lungova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref005","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Structure and Mechanical Properties of the Vocal Fold1 1A portion of this article was presented at the Vocal Fold Physiology Conference, Kurume, Japan, in January 1980.","author":"M Hirano","year":"1982"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref006","volume-title":"Principles of voice production.","author":"IR Titze","year":"2000","edition":"2"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref007","volume-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Voice Disorders","author":"RH Colton","year":"2014"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1121\/1.4964509","article-title":"Mechanics of human voice production and control","volume":"140","author":"Z. Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1121\/1.408461","article-title":"Acoustics of the tenor high voice","volume":"95","author":"IR Titze","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1121\/1.427149","article-title":"On pitch jumps between chest and falsetto registers in voice: Data from living and excised human larynges","volume":"106","author":"JG \u0160vec","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2832337","article-title":"Nonlinear source\u2013filter coupling in phonation: Theory","volume":"123","author":"IR Titze","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvoice.2007.10.014","article-title":"Laryngeal Vibratory Mechanisms: The Notion of Vocal Register Revisited","volume":"23","author":"B Roubeau","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Voice"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1121\/1.5053116","article-title":"Vocal instabilities in a three-dimensional body-cover phonation model","volume":"144","author":"Z. Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(99)80039-3","article-title":"The external frame function in the control of pitch, register, and singing mode: Radiographic observations of a female singer","volume":"13","author":"A Sonninen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Voice"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(05)80108-0","article-title":"Phonatory control in male singing: A study of the effects of subglottal pressure, fundamental frequency, and mode of phonation on the voice source","volume":"7","author":"J Sundberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Voice"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26430","article-title":"3D analysis of the movements of the laryngeal cartilages during singing","volume":"127","author":"F Unteregger","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3385282","article-title":"Effects of asymmetric vocal fold activation on phonation","volume":"127","author":"DK Chhetri","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1121\/1.3672686","article-title":"Neuromuscular control of fundamental frequency and glottal posture at phonation onset","volume":"131","author":"DK Chhetri","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24774","article-title":"Influence of asymmetric recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation on vibration, acoustics, and aerodynamics","volume":"124","author":"DK Chhetri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2142605","article-title":"Some measurements of the glottal-area waveform","volume":"35","author":"HI Soron","year":"1963","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.25550","article-title":"Interactions of subglottal pressure and neuromuscular activation on fundamental frequency and intensity","volume":"126","author":"DK Chhetri","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(96)80039-7","article-title":"Bifurcations in excised larynx experiments","volume":"10","author":"DA Berry","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Voice"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1044\/2021_JSLHR-20-00498","article-title":"A deep learning enhanced novel software tool for laryngeal dynamics analysis.","volume":"64","author":"AM Kist","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research."},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10517","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66405-y","article-title":"Machine learning based identification of relevant parameters for functional voice disorders derived from endoscopic high-speed recordings.","volume":"10","author":"P Schlegel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref025","unstructured":"de Jesus Goncalves MH. Methodenvergleich zur Bestimmung der glottalen Mittelachse bei endoskopischen Hochgeschwindigkeitsvideoaufnahmen von organisch basierten pathologischen Stimmgebungsprozessen. Ph.D. dissertation., Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg; 2015."},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1159\/000070724","article-title":"An Automatic Method to Quantify the Vibration Properties of Human Vocal Folds via Videokymography.","volume":"55","author":"Q Qiu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica."},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref027","author":"RM Soriano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anatomy, head and neck, larynx nerves."},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20031","article-title":"Control of vocal fold cover stiffness by laryngeal muscles: A preliminary study","volume":"119","author":"DK Chhetri","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3110","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.24209","article-title":"Effects of asymmetric superior laryngeal nerve stimulation on glottic posture, acoustics, vibration","volume":"123","author":"DK Chhetri","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1044\/1058-0360(2008\/07-0059)","article-title":"Phase Asymmetries in Normophonic Speakers: Visual Judgments and Objective Findings.","volume":"17","author":"HS Bonilha","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1159\/000265659","article-title":"Photo- and Electroglottographical Recording of the Laryngeal Vibratory Pattern during Different Registers.","volume":"34","author":"P. Kitzing","year":"1982","journal-title":"Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-1997(03)00032-8","article-title":"Lateral Phase Mucosal Wave Asymmetries in the Clinical Voice Laboratory","volume":"17","author":"MC Haben","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Voice"},{"key":"pone.0266910.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318161f9e1","article-title":"Phonovibrogram Visualization of Entire Vocal Fold Dynamics","volume":"118","author":"J Lohscheller","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0266910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T17:31:35Z","timestamp":1649957495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0266910"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Jett\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0266910","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]}}}