{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:13:59Z","timestamp":1792116839553,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Renal transplantation is the definitive treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is associated with better quality of life and patient survival. Nevertheless, these benefits come with rising concerns about weight gain and metabolic abnormalities, which adversely impact transplant outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The objective of this study is to estimate the incidence of weight gain in the first year post-renal transplant in addition to the assessment of potential risk factors and the resulting outcome of the graft.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of all 295 patients who underwent kidney transplantation at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) between January 2016 and December 2019. Clinical and laboratory variables were collected from electronic records. Continuous variables were reported as mean \u00b1 standard deviation. Comparison between groups was assessed by unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney U test while follow-up data were compared using paired t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. Association between the potential risk factors and the weight gain was assessed by means of binary logistic regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Significant weight gain was observed in 161 (54.6%) patients. Females were 119 (40.30%) of the cohort. The mean age was 45.3\u00b115.1 years. The prevalence of diabetes was 234 (79.6%), while hypertensives constituted 77 (26.3%). The comparison between patients who gained weight significantly and patients with stable weight showed a numerical higher prevalence of female gender in patients who had more weight gain (44.1% vs. 35.8%), higher diabetes, higher rate of a living donor, and statistically significant lower dialysis duration before transplant. Other clinical and laboratory variables were comparable between the two groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Our study showed a high incidence of clinically significant weight gain among patients post-renal transplantation. Patients with lower dialysis duration, a living kidney donor and those who are obese at baseline were at higher risk of gaining weight. Patients who underwent kidney transplantation should be monitored closely for weight gain and further studies are needed to determine the risk factors and appropriate interventions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]],"date-time":"2022-06-02T17:36:44Z","timestamp":1654191404000},"page":"e0268044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Weight gain after renal transplant: Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1832-6706","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdulrahman","family":"Altheaby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuha","family":"Alajlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed F.","family":"Shaheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghaleb","family":"Abosamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1158-9856","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Basma","family":"Ghallab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basayl","family":"Aldawsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awatif","family":"Rashidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Gafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziad","family":"Arabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0268044.ref001","first-page":"341","article-title":"Comparison of mortality in all patients on dialysis, patients on dialysis awaiting transplantation, and recipients of a first cadaveric transplant","author":"RA Wolfe","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0268044.ref002","first-page":"14","article-title":"Has the survival of the graft improved after renal transplantation in an era of modern immunosuppression","volume":"33","author":"F Moreso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nefrologia"},{"issue":"10","key":"pone.0268044.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03686.x","article-title":"Systematic review: kidney transplantation compared with dialysis in clinically relevant outcomes","volume":"11","author":"M Tonelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Journal Transplant."},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0268044.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i3.445","article-title":"New-onset diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation: Current status and future directions","volume":"6","author":"S Palepu","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0268044.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2013.12.004","article-title":"Obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation: Preventio and treatment","volume":"28","author":"KM Wissing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transplantation Reviews."},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0268044.ref006","article-title":"Body mass index and outcome in renal transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"J Lafranca","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0268044.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199310000-00008","article-title":"Factors influencing weight gain after renal transplantation","volume":"56","author":"CP Johnson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0268044.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2013.09.002","article-title":"Obesity in Kidney Transplantation.","volume":"24","author":"W Chan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Renal Nutrition"},{"key":"pone.0268044.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2003.50059","article-title":"Demographics and Trends in Overweight and Obesity in Patients at Time of Kidney Transplantation","volume":"41","author":"A.N. 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