{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:17:24Z","timestamp":1747196244772,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State of Sao Paulo Research Support Foundation","award":["2014\/03742-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/03742-0"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology for Complex Fluids of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation of Brazil."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Progressive fibrous thickening of peritoneal membrane (PM) is a major complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis. TGF-\u03b2\/SMAD pathway activation, inflammation and neoangiogenesis have an important role in PM changes induced by peritoneal dialysis. Here, we investigated the effects of paclitaxel (PTX) carried in lipid core nanoparticles (LDE) on the development of peritoneal fibrosis (PF) in rats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To induce PF, 21 male Wistar rats (300-350g) were injected with chlorhexidine gluconate for 15 consecutive days and randomly assigned to three groups: 1)PF, n = 5: no treatment; 2)LDE, n = 8: treated with LDE only, 3\/3 days during 15 days; 3)LDE-PTX, n = 8: treated with PTX (4mg\/kg) associated with LDE, 3\/3 days during 15 days. A Control group without PF induction (n = 5) was designed, received saline solution, 3\/3 days. Peritoneum function tests were performed, and anterior abdominal wall samples of the PM were collected for analyses of peritoneal thickness, immunohistochemitry, and gene expression.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>LDE-PTX treatment preserved the membrane function, maintaining the ultrafiltration rate and mass transfer of glucose at normal levels. LDE-PTX also prevented PM thickening induced by chlorhexidine gluconate injections. LDE-PTX treatment reduced the number of myofibroblasts infiltrating PM and inhibited the cell proliferation. Gene expression of fibronectin, FSP-1, VEGF, TGF-\u03b2, and SMAD3 were reduced by LDE-PTX.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>LDE-PTX was effective to prevent development of PF and preserve the PM filtration capacity in this rat model, with clear-cut actions on pro-fibrotic mechanisms. Thus, LDE-PTX can be candidate for future clinical trials as adjuvant to peritoneal dialysis to prevent PF development, since this preparation is devoid of toxicity as shown previously.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T17:34:13Z","timestamp":1651858453000},"page":"e0268197","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Use of paclitaxel carried in solid lipid nanoparticles to prevent peritoneal fibrosis in rats"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Filipe M. O.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscila O.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elerson C.","family":"Costalonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Pepineli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1520-4914","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raul C.","family":"Maranh\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irene L.","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0268197.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.224","article-title":"Survival of propensity matched incident peritoneal and hemodialysis patients in a United States health care system","volume":"86","author":"VA Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0268197.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1177\/08968608211049882","article-title":"Assisted peritoneal dialysis across Europe: Practice variation and factors associated with availability","volume":"41","author":"AE van der Sluijs","year":"2021","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0268197.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa118","article-title":"Public health investments and mortality risk in Brazilian peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"13","author":"G Loesch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0268197.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04810512","article-title":"Comparing mortality of peritoneal and hemodialysis patients in the first 2 years of dialysis therapy: a marginal structural model analysis","volume":"8","author":"LR Lukowsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0268197.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c11","DOI":"10.1159\/000314544","article-title":"Inflammation in peritoneal dialysis","volume":"116","author":"KN Lai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0268197.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2013.99","article-title":"Peritoneal changes in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis","volume":"9","author":"RT Krediet","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0268197.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V132470","article-title":"Morphological changes in the peritoneal membrane of patients with renal disease","volume":"13","author":"JD Williams","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"pone.0268197.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652953","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/652953","article-title":"Causes for Withdrawal in an Urban Peritoneal Dialysis Program","volume":"2015","author":"B Workeneh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"pone.0268197.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/13.1.154","article-title":"Sclerosing peritonitis: the experience in Australia","volume":"13","author":"RJ Rigby","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0268197.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(04)00953-9","article-title":"Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis in Japan: a prospective, controlled, multicenter study","volume":"44","author":"H Kawanishi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"pone.0268197.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.krcp.2016.07.003","article-title":"Experimental systems to study the origin of the myofibroblast in peritoneal fibrosis","volume":"35","author":"M Padwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Res. 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paclitaxel with a lipid-based nanoparticle system on a nonhuman primate, Cebus apella","volume":"12","author":"DCA Feio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0268197","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T17:34:47Z","timestamp":1651858487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0268197"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Frank 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