{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T23:52:34Z","timestamp":1783036354546,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI15\/00276, PI15\/00572, PI15\/00996, PI18\/01812, PI18\/01303, PI18\/01515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00276, PI15\/00572, PI15\/00996, PI18\/01812, PI18\/01303, PI18\/01515"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FIIBAP"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022027","name":"REDISSEC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["RD16\/0001\/0004, RD16\/0001\/0005, RD16\/0001\/0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0001\/0004, RD16\/0001\/0005, RD16\/0001\/0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u201cA way to shape Europe; Research, Development and Innovation National Plan 2013-2016\u201d"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cA way to shape Europe; Research, Development and Innovation National Plan 2013-2016\u201d"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The beneficial effects of social support on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life are well known. Using the baseline data of the MULTIPAP study (n = 593), an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out that analyzed the sex differences in the social support perceived by polymedicated adults aged 65 to 74 years with multimorbidity. The main outcome variable was social support measured through the Duke\u2013UNC-11 Functional Social Support (DUFSS) questionnaire in its two dimensions (confident support and affective support). For both sexes, the perception of functional social support was correlated with being married or partnered and having a higher health-related quality of life utility index. In women, it was correlated with a higher level of education, living alone, and treatment adherence, and in men with higher monthly income, prescribed drugs and fewer diagnosed diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T17:46:39Z","timestamp":1658943999000},"page":"e0268218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sex differences in social support perceived by polymedicated older adults with multimorbidity. MULTIPAP study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6981-303X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cristina M.","family":"Lozano-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4985-2314","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Juan Antonio","family":"L\u00f3pez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7308-4450","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Milagros","family":"Rico-Bl\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amaia","family":"Calder\u00f3n-Larra\u00f1aga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6919-4817","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francisca","family":"Leiva-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5704-6056","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Prados-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"del Cura-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"MULTIPAP GROUP","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0268218.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2011.03.003","article-title":"Aging with multimorbidity: A systematic review of the literature.","volume":"10","author":"A Marengoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ageing Research Reviews"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614568352","article-title":"Loneliness and Social Isolation as Risk Factors for Mortality: A Meta-Analytic Review.","volume":"10","author":"J Holt-Lunstad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198102251030","article-title":"The influence of social support on chronic illness self-management: A review and directions for research.","volume":"30","author":"MP Gallant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Health Education and Behavior"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.7.3.269","article-title":"Psychosocial models of the role of social support in the etiology of physical disease.","volume":"7","author":"S. Cohen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref005","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estadistica. Nota T\u00e9cnica Encuesta Nacional de Salud. Espa\u00f1a 2017 Principales resultados. 2017. Available: https:\/\/www.mscbs.gob.es\/estadEstudios\/estadisticas\/encuestaNacional\/encuestaNac2017\/ENSE2017_notatecnica.pdf"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14010016","article-title":"Changes in Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults with Multiple Chronic Conditions: Role of Positive and Negative Social Support.","volume":"14","author":"S Ahn","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.23.2.207","article-title":"Social Support and Patient Adherence to Medical Treatment: A Meta-Analysis.","volume":"23","author":"MR DiMatteo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health Psychology."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pec.2009.07.002","article-title":"Does social support help limited-literacy patients with medication adherence?. A mixed methods study of patients in the Pharmacy Intervention for Limited Literacy (PILL) Study.","volume":"79","author":"VR Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Patient Education and Counseling"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235148","article-title":"Social support, social context and nonadherence to treatment in young senior patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy followed-up in primary care. MULTIPAP study.","volume":"15","author":"CM Lozano-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref010","first-page":"264","article-title":"The development of an instrument to measure social support\u2014PubMed.","author":"J S Norbeck","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref011","first-page":"688","article-title":"[Validation of a functional social support scale for use in the family doctor\u2019s office].","volume":"8","author":"L de la Revilla Ahumada","year":"1991","journal-title":"Aten Primaria."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650905000307","article-title":"Marital biography and health at mid-life","volume":"50","author":"ME Hughes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146510383501","article-title":"Social Relationships and Health: A Flashpoint for Health Policy","volume":"51","author":"D Umberson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref014","first-page":"1","article-title":"The roles of different sources of social support on emotional well-being among Chinese elderly.","volume":"9","author":"H Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198807000-00006","article-title":"The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Measurement of social support in family medicine patients.","volume":"26","author":"WE Broadhead","year":"1988","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1985.tb01118.x","article-title":"Variations in Social Support Associated with Gender, Ethnicity, and Age","volume":"41","author":"A. Vaux","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Social Issues"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.09.001","article-title":"Empathy: Gender effects in brain and behavior.","volume":"46","author":"L Christov-Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-201113","article-title":"Friends are equally important to men and women, but family matters more for men\u2019s well-being","volume":"67","author":"N Cable","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.6.5.387","article-title":"Differential effects of social support and social network on physiological and social outcomes in men and women with type II diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"RM Kaplan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/0265407500171001","article-title":"Social Support and Strain from Partner, Family, and Friends: Costs and Benefits for Men and Women in Adulthood","volume":"17","author":"HR Walen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Social and Personal Relationships"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(01)00111-3","article-title":"How gender affects patterns of social relations and their impact on health: a comparison of one or multiple sources of support from \u201cclose persons\u201d.","volume":"54","author":"R Fuhrer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-13-122","article-title":"Gender differences in the association of perceived social support and social network with self-rated health status among older adults: a population-based study in Brazil.","volume":"13","author":"S Caetano","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2017.0045","article-title":"Social Determinants of Health at Older Ages: The Long Arm of Early and Middle Adulthood.","volume":"60","author":"LF Berkman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Perspectives in Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref024","first-page":"557","volume":"33","author":"WCW Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"HHS Public Access"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref025","article-title":"Age and gender differences in the prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity in the older population.","volume":"14","author":"JM Abad-D\u00edez","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Geriatrics."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.07.003","article-title":"Differences in quality of life between women and men in the older population of Spain.","volume":"60","author":"P Guallar-Castill\u00f3n","year":"2005","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/43.3.396","article-title":"Gender differences in the self-rated health-mortality association: Is it poor self-rated health that predicts mortality or excellent self-rated health that predicts survival?","volume":"43","author":"Y Benyamini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gerontologist"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-018-1378-9","article-title":"Gender differences in the perception of quality of life during internal medicine training: A qualitative and quantitative analysis","volume":"18","author":"R Kobayasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Medical Education"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0198578","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198578","article-title":"Association of functional and structural social support with medication adherence among individuals treated for coronary heart disease risk factors: Findings from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study.","volume":"13","author":"FL Mondesir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plos One."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2012.07.001","article-title":"Health Inequalities among Older Adults in Spain: The Importance of Gender, the Socioeconomic Development of the Region of Residence, and Social Support.","volume":"22","author":"S. Rueda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Health Issues."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref031","first-page":"530","article-title":"Salud autopercibida, apoyo social y familiar de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr\u00f3nica.","volume":"11","author":"AM BZMLFMF Fern\u00e1ndez Vargas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Medifarm."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref032","volume-title":"Gender and Health: The Effects of Constrained Choices and Social Policies","author":"C. Bird","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032190","article-title":"Multimorbidity patterns in primary care: Interactions among chronic diseases using factor analysis.","volume":"7","author":"A Prados-Torres","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref034","first-page":"152","article-title":"El paciente anciano polimedicado: efectos sobre su salud y sobre el sistema sanitario.","volume":"29","author":"F Blasco Pati\u00f1o","year":"2005","journal-title":"Informaci\u00f3n Terap\u00e9utica del Sistema Nacional de Salud"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref035","article-title":"Managing patients with multimorbidity in primary care","author":"E Wallace","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ (Online)."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102149","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102149","article-title":"Prevalence, determinants and patterns of multimorbidity in primary care: a systematic review of observational studies.","volume":"9","author":"C Violan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref037","first-page":"1","author":"The Academy of Medical Sciences","year":"2018","journal-title":"Multimorbidity: a priority for global health research."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-017-0584-x","article-title":"Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy: study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project).","volume":"12","author":"A Prados-Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref039","first-page":"615","volume-title":"International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO-08).","author":"Govering Body of International Labour (ILO)","year":"2012"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2012.12.009","article-title":"Propuestas de clase social neoweberiana y neomarxista a partir de la Clasificaci\u00f3n Nacional de Ocupaciones 2011.","volume":"27","author":"A Domingo-Salvany","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gaceta Sanitaria."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198601000-00007","article-title":"Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence.","volume":"24","author":"DE Morisky","year":"1986","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2014.04.002","article-title":"A program of methodological research to arrive at the new international eq-5d-5l valuation protocol.","volume":"17","author":"M Oppe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Value in Health"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9903-x","article-title":"Development and preliminary testing of the new five-level version of EQ-5D (EQ-5D-5L).","volume":"20","author":"M Herdman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Quality of Life Research."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2012.02.008","article-title":"Interim scoring for the EQ-5D-5L: Mapping the EQ-5D-5L to EQ-5D-3L value sets.","volume":"15","author":"B van Hout","year":"2012","journal-title":"Value in Health."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref045","first-page":"153","article-title":"Validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario de apoyo social funcional Duke-UNC-11.","volume":"18","author":"JA Bell\u00f3n","year":"1996","journal-title":"Atenci\u00f3n Primaria."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198807000-00006","article-title":"The Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. Measurement of social support in family medicine patients.","volume":"26","author":"WE Broadhead","year":"1988","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2011.08.009","article-title":"Propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas del Cuestionario de Apoyo Social Funcional y de la Escala de Soledad en adultos mayores no institucionalizados en Espa\u00f1a.","volume":"26","author":"A Ayala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gaceta Sanitaria"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref048","first-page":"153","article-title":"La mujer en la posguerra franquista a trav\u00e9s de la Revista Medina (1940\u20131945).","volume":"13","author":"A. Pinilla Garc\u00eda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arenal\u2014Revista de Historia de las Mujeres"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e019973","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019973","article-title":"Gender inequalities in the association between area deprivation and perceived social support: a cross-sectional multilevel analysis at the municipality level in Germany.","volume":"8","author":"E Mena","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref050","first-page":"32","article-title":"Apoyo Social Y Salud: Un Analisis De Genero.","volume":"25","author":"P Matud","year":"2002","journal-title":"Salud Mental."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.46710\/ced.pd.esp.17","article-title":"Diez a\u00f1os de mejoras en la salud y los h\u00e1bitos de las generaciones nacidas entre 1945 y 1969 en Espa\u00f1a.","author":"J. Spijker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perspectives Demogr\u00e0fiques."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.17583\/rasp.2016.1731","article-title":"Las Mujeres Viudas en Espa\u00f1a.","volume":"4","author":"J. L\u00f3pez Doblas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Research on Ageing and Social Policy."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaceta.2017.05.016","article-title":"Explaining differences in perceived health-related quality of life: a study within the Spanish population.","volume":"32","author":"J Mart\u00edn-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gaceta Sanitaria"},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1157\/13061997","article-title":"Desigualdades en salud seg\u00fan la clase social en las mujeres. \u00bfC\u00f3mo influye el tipo de medida de la clase social?","volume":"18","author":"C Borrell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gaceta Sanitaria."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref055","first-page":"89","article-title":"Validaci\u00f3n del cuestionario de Apoyo Social Funcional Duke-UNK-11 en personas cuidadoras.","volume":"34","author":"I Cu\u00e9llar-Flores","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ridep \u00b7 No."},{"key":"pone.0268218.ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0633-3","article-title":"Validation of the modified DUKE-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire in patients with schizophrenia.","volume":"48","author":"L Mas-Exp\u00f3sito","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0268218","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T17:47:59Z","timestamp":1658944079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0268218"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Penzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0268218","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]}}}