{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:24:51Z","timestamp":1791581091535,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013076","name":"National Major Science and Technology Projects of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018ZX10712-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10712-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>) encodes numerous outer membrane proteins (OMPs), with considerable geographic heterogeneity and related to different clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the distribution characteristics of five important OMP genes (<jats:italic>sabA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hofC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>homB<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>frpB-4<\/jats:italic>) in different regions of China.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Materials and method<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 266 strains were isolated from 348 stomach biopsy specimens in Shandong, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Hunan, and Qinghai provinces. The presence of <jats:italic>sabA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hofC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>homB<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>frpB-4<\/jats:italic> gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> genomic DNA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among the strains in five regions, the prevalence of <jats:italic>frpB-4<\/jats:italic> was 100% and that of <jats:italic>hofC<\/jats:italic> was 97.7%. The prevalence of <jats:italic>homB<\/jats:italic> in the isolates from Qinghai (45.5%) was significantly lower than that in Shandong (75.3%), Guangxi (76.9%) and Hunan (69.6%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). The frequency of <jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic> in Shandong (30.1%) was significantly lower than in Guangxi (57.7%) and Qinghai (63.6%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). The prevalence of the <jats:italic>sabA<\/jats:italic> gene in Shandong, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Hunan and Qinghai provinces was 21.9%, 59.7%, 45.9%, 52.2%, and 18.2%, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). The <jats:italic>sabA<\/jats:italic> \u201con\u201d status was significantly more frequent in isolates from Guangxi (46.8%), Heilongjiang (37.8%), and Hunan (47.8%) than Qinghai (3.0%) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). The presence of <jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sabA<\/jats:italic> genes may be negatively correlated with the development of gastritis. There was no significant association between the <jats:italic>frpB-4<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>hofC<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>homB<\/jats:italic> gene and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The prevalence of <jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>homB<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>sabA<\/jats:italic> genes and the <jats:italic>sabA<\/jats:italic> \u201con\u201d or \u201coff\u201d status have significant geographical differences among five provinces in China. The presence of <jats:italic>homA<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>sabA<\/jats:italic> genes may be protective factors of gastritis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T20:07:09Z","timestamp":1652990829000},"page":"e0268373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Distribution characteristics of the sabA, hofC, homA, homB and frpB-4 genes of Helicobacter pylori in different regions of China"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Mengyang","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijing","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhai","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2468-5783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dongjie","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5304-5665","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kangle","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0885-7039","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yaming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7056-8206","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0268373.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2019.1588472","article-title":"Helicobacter pylori: molecular basis for colonization and survival in gastric environment and resistance to antibiotics. 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