{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T06:51:51Z","timestamp":1793170311762,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Trachoma is the leading infectious disease that leads to blindness worldwide, especially in developing countries. Though Ethiopia had targeted a trachoma elimination program by 2020, the problem worsens, particularly in the Amhara Region. Even though sustained intervention measures are undertaken across the region, it is unclear why trachoma is still a significant public health problem. So, this study assessed the prevalence of active trachoma and associated factors among 1\u20139 years of age children from model and non-model kebeles in Dangila district Amhara Region, Northwest Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A community-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from 20<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> September 2019 to 29<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> October 2019. A multistage stratified random sampling technique was used to reach 704 children from model and non-model kebeles. Samples were allocated proportionally to model and non-model kebeles. A structured and pretested data collection tool and observational checklist was used to manage the necessary data. Data were coded and entered in Epidata version 4.6, and further analysis was done using SPSS version 20 software. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with active trachoma. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR), p-value, and respected Confidence Interval (CI) were used to report the findings.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Seven hundred four children were included in this study, with a response rate of 97.8%. The overall prevalence of active trachoma was 6% (95% CI: 4.5, 8.1). The prevalence of active trachoma among non-model and model Kebele was not significantly different. Still, the prevalence of active trachoma among children from model Kebele were [4.5%, (95% CI: 2.4%, 7.1%)] relatively lower compared with non-model kebeles, [7.6%, 95% CI: (4.9%, 10.9%)]. Moreover, not using latrine (AOR = 4.29, 95% CI: 1.96, 9.34), fly-eye contact (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: 1.11, 6.03), presence of sleep in eyes (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.10, 5.47), presence of ocular discharge (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.30, 6.00), presence of nasal discharges (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.21, 5.90) and washing faces with soap (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.69) were found significantly associated with the prevalence of active trachoma among children 1\u20139 years old.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The prevalence of active trachoma in the model and non-model kebeles was high and did not show a statistical difference. Attention to be given to latrine utilization, washing face with soap, and other personal hygiene activities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T18:13:13Z","timestamp":1655316793000},"page":"e0268441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Prevalence of active trachoma and its associated factors among 1\u20139 years of age children from model and non-model kebeles in Dangila district, northwest Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Almaw","family":"Genet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zewdu","family":"Dagnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gashaw","family":"Melkie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7510-3448","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Awoke","family":"Keleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7620-5780","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Achenef","family":"Motbainor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amare","family":"Mebrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3399-2803","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheru Tesema","family":"Leshargie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0268441.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.148494","article-title":"Trachoma: global magnitude of a preventable cause of blindness","author":"SP Mariotti","year":"2009","journal-title":"British Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"pone.0268441.ref002","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trachoma\u2014World Health Organization Key facts"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0268441.ref003","first-page":"93","article-title":"The status of hygiene and sanitation practice among rural model families of the Health Extension Program (HEP) in Wolayta and Kembata Tembaro Zones of Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples\u2019 Region of Ethiopia.","volume":"26","author":"K Chawicha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Development"},{"key":"pone.0268441.ref004","author":"C Australia","year":"2014","journal-title":"CDNA National Guidelines for the Public Health Management of Trachoma"},{"key":"pone.0268441.ref005","author":"Federal Ministry of health","year":"2018","journal-title":"Woreda Transformation Agenda Concepts and its Theory of Change"},{"key":"pone.0268441.ref006","first-page":"13","article-title":"Trachoma fact-sheets (Epidemiology and clinic features, Distribution, Economic impact, Prevention and control and WHO response","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2022"},{"key":"pone.0268441.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.041210","article-title":"Global magnitude of visual impairment caused by uncorrected refractive errors in 2004.","volume":"86","author":"S Resnikoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health 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Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998.","volume":"51","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Health Assembly, Resolution"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0268441.ref020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.094763","article-title":"Effects of intervention with the SAFE strategy on trachoma across Ethiopia","volume":"65","author":"AA Roba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health"},{"key":"pone.0268441.ref021","article-title":"2018\/2019 Annual report the woreda","author":"Dangila woreda Health Office","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0268441.ref022","article-title":"Population and Households Statistics of Ethiopia","author":"Knoema","year":"2019"},{"key":"pone.0268441.ref023","article-title":"CDNA National Guidelines for the Public Health Management of Trachoma.","author":"CDN Australia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Do Health,"},{"key":"pone.0268441.ref024","first-page":"7","article-title":"Tsegahun Asfaw: Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Preschool Children and Maternal Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Prevention and Control of Intestinal Parasites in Senbete and Bete Towns, North ShoaEthiopia.","author":"Moges Lewetegn","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Biomedical Materials Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0268441.ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40421","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040421","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for trachoma in Kano state, Nigeria","volume":"7","author":"C Mpyet","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0268441.ref026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"012071","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/953\/1\/012071","article-title":"Analysis of factors that influencing the interest of Bali State Polytechnic\u2019s students in entrepreneurship","volume":"2018","author":"NW Ayuni","year":"2018","journal-title":"In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series"},{"issue":"6","key":"pone.0268441.ref027","first-page":"824","article-title":"Trachoma and water use; 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