{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T18:32:32Z","timestamp":1788805952576,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zayed Center for Global Health, United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Study objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We aimed to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and associated risk factors in married women in rural villages of Gilgit Baltistan in Pakistan.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A cross-sectional design to assess the magnitude and factors associated with IPV in a random sample of 789 married women aged 18\u201349 years. A World Health Organization screening instrument was used to assess the presence of IPV in the previous 12 months. A locally validated instrument was adopted to identify self-reported symptoms of major depression according to the DSM IV. Trained nurses obtained socio-demographic and reproductive history through structured interviews. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate prevalence and identify significant predictors of IPV.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean age of the participants was 38.3 years (SD: \u00b112.8). The prevalence of IPV in women was 22.8% (95% Confidence Interval: 20.0\u201325.9), 18.5% in pregnant women (95% CI: 11.7\u201327.9) and significantly associated with depression in 55.1% of IPV cases. Husband education level (college\/higher) (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.22\u20130.70) and high household income (AOR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.29\u20130.68) were protective against IPV. Increase in age (AOR;1.02; 95% CI: 1.01\u20131.02) and poor relationship with mother-in-law increased the risk of IPV (AOR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.90\u20134.28). IPV was positively associated with symptoms of depression (AOR = 1.97; 95% CI:1.39\u20132.77), poor perceived quality of life (AOR = 3.54; 95% CI: 1.90\u20136.58) and poor health (AOR = 2.74; 95% CI: 1.92\u20133.92).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>IPV is substantial public health burden significantly associated with depressive symptoms, poor perceived health and the quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T17:38:55Z","timestamp":1663781935000},"page":"e0268735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Intimate-partner violence and its association with symptoms of depression, perceived health, and quality of life in the Himalayan Mountain Villages of Gilgit Baltistan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Gul","family":"Nowshad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelum","family":"Jahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasim 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