{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:15:44Z","timestamp":1747196144885,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Recent experimental studies have suggested a potential link between cathepsin S (CTTS) and gastric adenocarcinoma progression. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the expression of CTTS in gastric adenocarcinoma in patients who underwent curative-intent surgical resection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study that included two groups: gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 42) and gastritis (n = 50). The gastritis group was then subdivided into H. pylori-positive (n = 25) and H. pylori-negative (n = 25) groups. Gastric tissue samples were analysed to determine CTTS expression through immunohistochemistry. Samples were obtained by oesophagogastroduodenoscopy or surgical specimens.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In patients with gastritis, the age ranged from 18 to 78 years. Among them, 34% were male, and 66% were female. In patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, the age ranged from 37 to 85 years. Among them, 50% were male. When comparing the expression of CTTS between the two groups, only 16% of the gastritis samples had an expression higher than 25%. Alternatively, among patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 19% had expression between 25\u201350%, 14.3% between 51\u201375%, and 26.2% had expression higher than 75% (p &lt; 0.001). In the gastritis group, CTTS expression was significantly higher in patients with a positive test for <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> than negative test for <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic>: 87.5% and 38.5%, respectively (p&lt;0.001). There was no statistically significant association between CTTS positivity and clinicopathological variables, including tumour staging, histological type, angiolymphatic invasion, recurrence, current status and death.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>CTTS expression is higher in gastric adenocarcinoma samples. Patients with gastritis due to <jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>pylori<\/jats:italic> also show a higher expression of CTTS than patients with negative results for this bacterium.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T17:38:20Z","timestamp":1653586700000},"page":"e0268836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of cathepsin S expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and in Helicobacter pylori infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5248-2705","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adriano C.","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Santa-Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7834-5944","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Raphael L. C.","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Glauber","family":"Leit\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9-Luiz","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro A. B.","family":"Ferraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0268836.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(99)00263-0","article-title":"Lysosomal cysteine proteases: more than scavengers","volume":"1477","author":"B. Turk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. 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