{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T13:16:28Z","timestamp":1787318188144,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prison setting and health status of people who experience imprisonment increase the risks of COVID-19 infection and sequelae, and other health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To conduct a mixed methods systematic review on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of people who experience imprisonment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n                    <jats:title>Data sources<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Social Sciences Abstracts, CINAHL, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database, Coronavirus Research Database, ERIC, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, Web of Science, and Scopus in October 2021. We reviewed reference lists for included studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n                    <jats:title>Study eligibility criteria<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Original research conducted in or after December 2019 on health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults in prisons or within three months of release.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec005\">\n                    <jats:title>Study appraisal and synthesis methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used the Joanna Briggs Institute\u2019s Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research for qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute\u2019s Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data for quantitative studies. We qualitized quantitative data and extracted qualitative data, coded data, and collated similar data into categories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec006\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 62 studies. People in prisons had disproportionately high rates of COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 mortality. During the pandemic, all-cause mortality worsened, access to health care and other services worsened, and there were major impacts on mental wellbeing and on relationships with family and staff. There was limited evidence regarding key primary and secondary prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec007\">\n                    <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our search was limited to databases. As the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, more evidence will emerge.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec008\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prisons and people who experience imprisonment should be prioritized for COVID-19 response and recovery efforts, and an explicit focus on prisons is needed for ongoing public health work including emergency preparedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"sec009\">\n                    <jats:title>Prospero registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>239324.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T13:30:36Z","timestamp":1653053436000},"page":"e0268866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults who experience imprisonment globally: A mixed methods systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8893-2598","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hannah","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3256-8322","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alice","family":"Cavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6516-4159","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susan J.","family":"Bondy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tharsan","family":"Kanagalingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6869-7516","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fiona G.","family":"Kouyoumdjian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"pone.0268866.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e188","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30058-X","article-title":"Prisons and custodial settings are part of a comprehensive response to COVID-19","volume":"5","author":"SA Kinner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Public Health"},{"issue":"22","key":"pone.0268866.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2005687","article-title":"Flattening the Curve for Incarcerated Populations\u2014Covid-19 in Jails and Prisons","volume":"382","author":"MJ Akiyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"pone.0268866.ref003","unstructured":"United Nations Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights. 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