{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T11:26:32Z","timestamp":1777548392892,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007637","name":"Colciencias","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Project 111 584467512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project 111 584467512"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005278","name":"Universidad de Antioquia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005278","name":"Universidad de Antioquia","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005278","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007637","name":"Colciencias","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Project 111 577 757 447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project 111 577 757 447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Knowledge about placental malaria (PM) is insufficient in the world, and incipient in Colombia where studies are few and recent. In this country, PM has been reported by <jats:italic>Plasmodium viva<\/jats:italic>x, <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>, and mixed infection. The objective was to determine the frequency of PM and its associated clinical-epidemiological factors in mothers and neonates in northwestern Colombia, 2009\u20132020. A Retrospective pooled analysis with 602 placentas captured in five investigations. The diagnosis of PM was made with thick blood smear (TBS) and qPCR. The groups with and without PM were compared using the Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios in a log-binomial model. The prevalence of PM was 27.7% with 92% (155\/167) of submicroscopic cases; 41.3% by <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic>, 44,3% by <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>falciparum<\/jats:italic>, and 14.4% by mixed infections. In the multivariate adjustment, PM was associated with the diagnosis of congenital malaria, low neonatal weight, gestational malaria, maternal anemia, previous malaria during pregnancy, and age between 25\u201343 years. This research is the investigation with the largest number of subjects for studying PM in Colombia, in the ecoepidemiological zone that produces more cases of malaria per year, finding a high prevalence of submicroscopic PM that caused serious maternal (anemia) and neonatal (congenital malaria and low neonatal weight) effects. The results show limitations in the timely diagnosis and treatment, given that the epidemiological surveillance program in Colombia is based on thick blood smear, which generates a substantial underestimation of the magnitude of PM, with serious effects and clinical risks. It is urgent to demand that the health authorities adopt measures such as prenatal control visits as soon as the pregnancy begins, monthly implementation of TBS, and active search for infected pregnant women in their homes and workplaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268949","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T17:26:27Z","timestamp":1653413187000},"page":"e0268949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Frequency of placental malaria and its associated factors in northwestern Colombia, pooled analysis 2009\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7101-929X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jaiberth Antonio","family":"Cardona-Arias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Carmona-Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0268949.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.14.117","article-title":"Peripheral and placental biomarkers in women with placental malaria: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"E Ruizendaal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomark Med"},{"key":"pone.0268949.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094560","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2094560","article-title":"The Impact of Plasmodium Infection on Placental Histomorphology: A Stereological Preliminary Study","volume":"2019","author":"J Ahenkorah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0268949.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00097-4","article-title":"The epidemiology and consequences of maternal malaria: a review of immunological basis","volume":"87","author":"BJ Okoko","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0268949.ref004","first-page":"149","article-title":"Pattern of placenta histopathology in low birth weight babies seen in a tertiary health centre in South-Western Nigeria","volume":"23","author":"GO Omoniyi-Esan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0268949.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0134633","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134633","article-title":"Impact of placental Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the profile of some oxidative stress biomarkers in women living in Yaound\u00e9, Cameroon","volume":"10","author":"R Megnekou","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0268949.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-790X2010000300002","article-title":"Efecto de la infecci\u00f3n submicrosc\u00f3pica o policlonal de Plasmodium falciparum sobre la madre y el producto de la gestaci\u00f3n. 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