{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:59:05Z","timestamp":1793300345152,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004071","name":"Khon Kaen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP65-2-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP65-2-001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in the Northeast Thailand research project","award":["CKDNET 2017, 2018, 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CKDNET 2017, 2018, 2019"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation (TSRI), through Program Management Unit for Competitiveness","award":["C10F630030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C10F630030"]}]},{"name":"Postgraduate Scholarship, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Several studies have demonstrated that helminth infections provide a degree of protection against Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection and T2DM has scarcely been investigated and the protective effect of infection against development of diabetic complications is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection and T2DM in a rural area of Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. The impact of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection on diabetic complication-related kidney function biochemical parameters and body-mass index (BMI) was also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Using a cross-sectional study design, <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection and T2DM assessments were conducted between October 2020 and May 2021. Associations between <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection, T2DM, and socioeconomic factors were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analyses. Diabetic complication-related biochemical parameters relating largely to kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), serum creatinine, uric acid, alanine transaminase (ALT), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)) and BMI of participants with and without T2DM were compared between groups with or without <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>One hundred and seven out of 704 individuals (15.20%) were positive for <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic>, and 283 people were diagnosed with T2DM. Of those with T2DM, 11.31% (32\/283) were infected with <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> and of those without T2DM, 17.82% (75\/421) were infected with <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic>. Multivariate analysis revealed that T2DM was inversely correlated with <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection (Adjusted OR\u2009 = \u20090.49; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.78; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009 = 0.003), while male, increasing age, lower education level, and alcohol intake were positively associated with infection. Those infected with <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> had lower eGFR levels and higher ALT and UACR levels than those in the uninfected group.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This finding indicates that <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> infection was inversely associated with T2DM in northeastern Thailand, but participants infected with <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> had lower eGFR levels and higher ALT and UACR levels. Infection with <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>stercoralis<\/jats:italic> might lead to worse complication-related renal biochemical parameters.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T13:32:34Z","timestamp":1654003954000},"page":"e0269080","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Association of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus in northeastern Thailand: Impact on diabetic complication-related renal biochemical 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