{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:22:53Z","timestamp":1781137373203,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\nAccording to the latest round of National Family Health Survey\u20144 (NFHS (2015\u201316)) maternal and child health care (MCH) services improved drastically compared to NFHS-3. Previous studies have established that the uptake of MCH services increases the likelihood of early adoption of contraceptives among women. So, our study aims to examine if the early initiation of contraceptive has proportionately improved with the recent increase in MCH services.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nThis study used the reproductive calendar of NFHS-4, 2015\u201316, to evaluate contraceptive initiation within 12 months after the last birth among 1,36,962 currently married women in India. A complementary log-log regression model was created to examine the link between the time of initiation of contraception and MCH care at the national level.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nIt was found that only a quarter of women within 12 months from last birth have adopted the modern contraceptive method. Among those majority of the females adopted sterilization mostly at the time of birth. The multivariable model identified, that the period of initiation of contraceptive depends on the gender composition of children and access to MCH services. It was found that the odds of early initiation of contraceptive use was higher when a women have only son (AOR = 1.15,95% CI\u2013 1.22, 1.18) compared to women with only daughter. Also, it was found that women who have availed MCH services were more likely to adopt contraceptives earlier.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion<\/jats:title>\nThe number of women availing MCH services has increased in India, but it did not result in a proportional increase in initiation of contraception after childbirth. Facilitating family planning services alongside MCH services will be beneficial in low-resource settings. It is a golden opportunity to educate and encourage women for early adoption of contraceptive.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T18:08:30Z","timestamp":1655316510000},"page":"e0269170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Role of maternal and child health services on the uptake of contraceptive use in India: A reproductive calendar approach"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0544-6725","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anjali","family":"Bansal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9564-9715","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"P.","family":"Shirisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bidhubhusan","family":"Mahapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laxmi Kant","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0269170.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2147\/OAJC.S98817","article-title":"Postpartum family planning: current evidence on successful interventions","volume":"7","author":"C Blazer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Access J Contracept"},{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0269170.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0217167","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217167","article-title":"Postpartum modern contraceptive use and associated factors in Hossana town","volume":"14","author":"NG Gejo","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"pone.0269170.ref003","volume-title":"Postpartum fertility and contraceptive: an analysis of findings from 17 countries","author":"M Borda","year":"2010"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0269170.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31820ce18c","article-title":"Return of ovulation and menses in postpartum nonlactating women: a systematic review","volume":"117","author":"E Jackson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"pone.0269170.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1363\/3300607","article-title":"Family planning advice and postpartum contraceptive use among low-income women in Mexico.","author":"SL Barber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int Fam Plan Perspect"},{"key":"pone.0269170.ref006","article-title":"Postpartum modern contraceptive use in northern Ethiopia: prevalence and associated factors","volume":"39","author":"TH Abraha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0269170.ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-010-9452-6","article-title":"Menstrual pattern, sexual behaviors, and contraceptive use among postpartum women in Nairobi urban slums","volume":"88","author":"RP Ndugwa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Urban Heal"},{"issue":"7","key":"pone.0269170.ref008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e904","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30200-1","article-title":"Trends in contraceptive prevalence rates in sub-Saharan Africa since the 2012 London Summit on Family Planning: results from repeated cross-sectional surveys","volume":"7","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"issue":"3","key":"pone.0269170.ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244017733515","article-title":"Role of Maternal and Child Health Care Services on Postpartum Contraceptive Adoption in India","volume":"7","author":"P Dixit","year":"2017","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0269170.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2017834118","article-title":"Effects of short birth spacing on birth-order differences in child stunting: Evidence from India","volume":"118","author":"S Dhingra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0269170.ref011","first-page":"1","article-title":"Postpartum contraceptive use and unmet need for family planning in five low-income countries","volume":"12","author":"O Pasha","year":"2015","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"pone.0269170.ref012","unstructured":"Commons K. 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