{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T21:16:29Z","timestamp":1767906989488,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pediatric Research Foundation"},{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital","award":["TYH2018212 and TYH2020217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TYH2018212 and TYH2020217"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018472","name":"Juhani Aho Foundation for Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018472","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015736","name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["#NNF OC0013659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#NNF OC0013659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1308255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1308255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Subjects with congenital chloride diarrhea (CLD; a defect in solute carrier family 26 member 3 (SLC26A3)) are prone to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated fecal microbiota in CLD and CLD-associated IBD. We also tested whether microbiota is modulated by supplementation with the short-chain fatty acid butyrate.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Subjects and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We recruited 30 patients with CLD for an observational 3-week follow-up study. Thereafter, 16 consented to oral butyrate substitution for a 3-week observational period. Fecal samples, collected once a week, were assayed for calprotectin and potential markers of inflammation, and studied by 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing and compared to that of 19 healthy controls and 43 controls with Crohn\u2019s disease. Data on intestinal symptoms, diet and quality of life were collected.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients with CLD had increased abundances of Proteobacteria, <jats:italic>Veillonella<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, and lower abundances of normally dominant taxa <jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic> when compared with healthy controls and Crohn\u00b4s disease. No major differences in fecal microbiota were found between CLD and CLD-associated IBD (including two with yet untreated IBD). Butyrate was poorly tolerated and showed no major effects on fecal microbiota or biomarkers in CLD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fecal microbiota in CLD is different from that of healthy subjects or Crohn\u00b4s disease. Unexpectedly, no changes in the microbiota or fecal markers characterized CLD-associated IBD, an entity with high frequency among patients with CLD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,9]],"date-time":"2022-06-09T17:44:24Z","timestamp":1654796664000},"page":"e0269561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Fecal microbiota in congenital chloride diarrhea and inflammatory bowel 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