{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:50:17Z","timestamp":1792090217504,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Saudi Food and Drug Authority"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The incidence of hospital- and community-acquired infections has been dramatically increased worldwide. Accordingly, hands hygiene and the use of disinfectants have been increased leading to the expansion in hand sanitizers production to meet public demand. This study was conducted to assess the efficiency of common disinfectants in the market of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in inhibiting the microbial growth during the time of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Five bacterial strains of commonly hospital-acquired infections (<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Salmonella enteritidis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>) (ATCC reference strains and clinical isolates) were examined for their susceptibility against 18 disinfectants collected from the Saudi market. The tested 18 disinfectants were broadly clustered into different groups based on their active chemical composition as following: 12 products contained alcohol, 2 products had chlorhexidine, 3 products contained mixed concentration of alcohol\/chlorhexidine and 1 product had a mixture of chlorhexidine\/Hexamidine\/Chlorocresol. By measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), our results revealed that all the 18 disinfectants have reduced the microbial growth of all the tested strains. Generally, the MICs and the MBCs for the clinical strains are higher than those of the reference strains. Taken together, our findings showed that all tested products have high disinfectants\u2019 killing rate against microbes of different origins, which suggest the high quality of these disinfectants and the good surveillance practice by the local authorities in Saudi Arabia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T17:31:38Z","timestamp":1656351098000},"page":"e0269850","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Assessment of disinfectant efficacy in reducing microbial growth"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Abdullah A.","family":"Alajlan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenah E.","family":"Mukhtar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan S.","family":"Almussallam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Alnuqaydan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasser S.","family":"Albakiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turki F.","family":"Almutari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid M.","family":"Bin Shehail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad S.","family":"Aldawsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8840-6931","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sulaiman M.","family":"Alajel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"pone.0269850.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.192283","article-title":"Comparative assessment of antimicrobial efficacy of different hand sanitizers: An in vitro study","volume":"13","author":"VM Jain","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)"},{"issue":"12","key":"pone.0269850.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20195300","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of different hand sanitizers against the resident microflora of skin","volume":"5","author":"T Ishma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Sci Rep"},{"key":"pone.0269850.ref003","first-page":"55","article-title":"Evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy and safety of pure hands herbal hand sanitizer in hand hygiene and on inanimate objects","volume":"101","author":"S Mondal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antiseptic"},{"key":"pone.0269850.ref004","unstructured":"Tri-Country Health Care. 2018. 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