{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:49:00Z","timestamp":1762325340107,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017637","name":"Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017637","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Orthohepevirus B<\/jats:italic>, commonly known as avian hepatitis E virus (aHEV), causes big liver and spleen disease (BLS) or hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (HSS) in chickens. BLS is an emerging disease among chicken flocks in several countries around the world. In our previous studies, serology and molecular biology screening revealed that chicken flocks are widely affected by aHEV in Poland. The present study, which was conducted between 2019 and 2020, aimed to investigate the prevalence of aHEV in chicken flocks and other poultry, including ducks, geese, and turkeys. A total of 307 flocks were examined. In addition, 29 samples from captive wild birds (western capercaillies, <jats:italic>Tetrao urogallus<\/jats:italic>) were analyzed. In all the investigated poultry species, except turkeys, the nucleic acid sequence covering part of the ORF1 gene of the aHEV genome was detected (34\/336 samples, 10.1%). The infection rate was found to be the highest in broiler breeder chicken flocks (14\/40 samples; 35%). Phylogenetic analysis of partial ORF1 gene, which encodes helicase, revealed that the obtained sequences belonged to genotypes 2 and 4, while one belonged to genotype 3. Genotype 2 was detected for the first time in domestic geese and ducks, and genotype 4 was detected for the first time in Poland. The study demonstrated the presence of aHEV among the investigated western capercaillies, suggesting that this species is susceptible to aHEV infections and biosecurity is therefore required in western capercaillie breeding facilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]],"date-time":"2022-06-23T17:42:50Z","timestamp":1656006170000},"page":"e0269854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular detection of avian hepatitis E virus (Orthohepevirus B) in chickens, ducks, geese, and western capercaillies in Poland"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Siedlecka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agata","family":"Kublicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Wieliczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7282-6560","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna Karolina","family":"Matczuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0269854.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000393","article-title":"Proposed reference sequences for hepatitis E virus subtypes","volume":"97","author":"DB Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"pone.0269854.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2585","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81070-0","article-title":"Construction and characterization of infectious cDNA clones of a chicken strain of hepatitis E virus (HEV), avian HEV","volume":"86","author":"FF Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"pone.0269854.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(99)00067-X","article-title":"Sequence data suggests big liver and spleen disease virus (BLSV) is genetically related to hepatitis E virus","volume":"68","author":"CJ Payne","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0269854.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01696","article-title":"Avian Hepatitis E Virus: With the Trend of Genotypes and Host Expansion","volume":"10","author":"P Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"pone.0269854.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2307\/1590997","article-title":"An Egg Drop Associated with Splenomegaly in Broiler Breeders","volume":"32","author":"JH Handlinger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"pone.0269854.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2005.303","article-title":"Big liver and spleen disease in broiler breeders","volume":"4","author":"P Massi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Italy. 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