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Moreover, in Malaria endemic area are frequently observed Malaria-enteroparasite co-infections associated with the modulation of inflammatory response. In this aspect, biomarkers play an important role in the disease prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate inflammatory mediators in malaria during coinfection with enteroparasites. A subset of serum samples already collected was analyzed and divided into four groups: Malaria (n = 34), Co-infected (n = 116), Enteroparasite (n = 120) and Control (n = 95). The serum levels of sTREM-1 and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. TNF-\u03b1, and IL-10 levels were previously carried out by flow cytometry. Higher serum levels of sTREM-1 and IL-6 were showed in malaria patients compared to healthy controls. In co-infected malarial patients sTREM-1 serum levels were similar to control group. Interestingly, co-infected malaria patients showed IL-6 serum levels decreased compared to individuals only infected with <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic>. However, in Malaria patients and co-infected there was a positive correlation between the IL-6 and IL-10 levels (P &lt; 0.0001). This is the first report of sTREM-1 levels in <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic> infected. Moreover, the results revealing a divergent effect of co-infection with the increased balance between pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduced IL-6 levels but increases the anemia occurrence. The results also highlight the potential use of IL-6 as a biomarker for <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>vivax<\/jats:italic> and enteroparasites coinfection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T20:15:55Z","timestamp":1656101755000},"page":"e0270007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and other inflammatory mediators in malaria by Plasmodium vivax during enteroparasites coinfection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3819-9065","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Myrela Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Santos","family":"de Jesus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Hugo Rom\u00e3o","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0206-5372","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rubens Alex de Oliveira","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margarete do Socorro Mendon\u00e7a","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lays Gisele Santos","family":"Bomfim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7588-6203","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tamirys Sim\u00e3o","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0461-7521","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea Regina de Souza","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8955-3204","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ricardo Luiz Dantas","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7442-4434","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tatiana Rodrigues","family":"de Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciane Moreno","family":"Storti-Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0270007.ref001","unstructured":"WHO. 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