{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T01:36:52Z","timestamp":1780364212744,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["The authors extend their appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2022R481), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. There were no additional external funding involved in the study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["The authors extend their appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2022R481), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. There were no additional external funding involved in the study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Risk factors for in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia have not been well studied. Previous reports from other countries have highlighted the effect of age, gender, clinical presentation and health conditions on the outcome of COVID-19 patients. Saudi Arabia has a different epidemiological structure with a predominance of young population, which calls for separate study. The objective of this study is to assess the predictors of mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. This is a retrospective observational cohort study of hospitalized adult COVID-19 patients at two tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia between May to July 2020. Electronic charts were retrospectively reviewed comparing survivors and non-survivors in terms of demographic and clinical variables and comorbid conditions. A total of 564 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 20%. The non-survivors were significantly older than survivors (59.4 \u00b1 13.7 years and 50.5 \u00b1 13.9 years respectively P&lt; 0.001). Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure and ischemic heart disease were more prevalent among non-survivors (P&lt; 0.001). The mean values of glycosylated hemoglobin HgA1C, D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase LDH, Alanin aminotransferase ALT and creatinine were significantly higher among non-survivors (P &lt; 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age (aOR = 1.04; 95% CI 1.02\u20131.08; P &lt; 0.01), chronic kidney disease (aOR = 4.04; 95% CI 1.11\u201314.77; P &lt; 0.05), acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS (aOR = 14.53; 95% CI 5.42\u201338.69; P &lt; 0.01), Mechanical Ventilation (aOR = 10.57; 95% CI 5.74\u201323.59; P &lt; 0.01), Shock (aOR = 3.85; 95% CI 1.02\u201314.57; P &lt; 0.05), admission to intensive care unit (ICU) (aOR = 0.12; 95% CI 0.04\u20130.33; P &lt; 0.01) and length of stay (aOR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.93\u20130.99; P &lt; 0.05) were significant contributors towards mortality. The in-hospital mortality rate of COVID-19 patients admitted to tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia is high. Older age, chronic kidney disease and ARDS were the most important predictors of mortality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T17:53:09Z","timestamp":1656093189000},"page":"e0270062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality patients with COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9339-822X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Aljuaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadil","family":"Alotair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6738-5425","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Farrah","family":"Alnajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wadi","family":"Alonazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanaa","family":"Sharaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Sheshah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lolwah","family":"Alashgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mashael","family":"Alshaikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0270062.ref001","volume-title":"Rolling updates on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) 2020","author":"World Health Orginaztion (WHO)","year":"2020"},{"key":"pone.0270062.ref002","volume-title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report\u2013141 2020","author":"WHO","year":"2020"},{"issue":"8","key":"pone.0270062.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12839","article-title":"Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review","volume":"324","author":"WJ Wiersinga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"pone.0270062.ref004","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID-19 treatment options: a difficult journey between failed attempts and experimental drugs","author":"A Bartoli","journal-title":"Internal and Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"pone.0270062.ref005","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID\u201019 patients: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","author":"W Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Virology"},{"key":"pone.0270062.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eujim.2020.101226","article-title":"Predictors of mortality in patients with COVID-19\u2013a systematic review","author":"E Mehraeen","year":"2020","journal-title":"European journal of integrative medicine"},{"key":"pone.0270062.ref007","article-title":"Association of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with myocardial injury and mortality","author":"RO Bonow","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA cardiology"},{"key":"pone.0270062.ref008","article-title":"Cardiovascular implications of fatal outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","author":"T Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA cardiology"},{"key":"pone.0270062.ref009","article-title":"Chest CT findings in 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections from Wuhan, China: key points for the radiologist.","author":"JP Kanne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiological Society of North America"},{"key":"pone.0270062.ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154245","article-title":"Commentary: COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: What we know, how our patients should be treated now, and what should happen next","volume":"107","author":"AM Angelidi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"11","key":"pone.0270062.ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0241742","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241742","article-title":"Predictors of in-hospital COVID-19 mortality: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis exploring differences by age, sex and health conditions.","volume":"15","author":"AE Mesas","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"pone.0270062.ref012","unstructured":"General Authority for Statistics. 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